War by Revolution. Germany and Great Britain in the Middle East in the Era of World War I

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WARBY REVOLUTION Germanyand GreatBritain inthe DonaldM.McKale MiddleEast intheEraof WorldWarI THEKENTSTATEUNIVERSITYPRESS Kent,O ...

©1998 byTheKentStateUniversityPress, Kent,Ohio 44242 Allrightsreserved LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber98- ISBN978-0-87338-972 ...

totheClemsonCollege Classof 1941 foritsheroicandcourageousservice inWorldWarIIanditsleadership inthepostwarworld ...

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CONTENTS Preface IX Acknowledgments xv Maps XVII Abbreviations XIX Introduction:Britain,Germany,andthe MiddleEast,1871-1904 I T ...

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PREFACE ThisbookexaminesissuesfromWorldWar I(1914-1918)intheMiddle Eastthatarestillrelevanttoday.'Evenatpresent,problemsinthe re ...

x WARBYREVOLUTION imperialinterestsinIndia,Persia,andEgypt.'Muchofthisextensive literatureprovidesthefoundationoftheBritishporti ...

PREFACE XI occupationwiththedefenseofIndia,helddeeplyengrainedattitudes thatlinkedeventsgeopoliticallythroughouttheMiddleEast,"A ...

XII WARBYREVOLUTION wartimeappealtopan-Islamism,anideathathaddevelopedamong GermanandOttomanleadersbeforethewar,aimedatstokingth ...

PREFACE XIII includingtheArabs,actedless forreligiousthannational,tribal,or dynasticreasons.Fortheirpart,theYoungTurksresentedth ...

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thisbookcouldnothavebeenresearchedandwrittenwithoutagreat deal ofhelp.TheClassof 1941 MemorialEndowmentatClemson ...

XVI WARBYREVOLUTION lowethegreatestdebtofgratitude,however,tomy wife,Janna, andmychildren,Emily,David,andSusan.I havebeenblessed ...

MAPS TheMiddleEastinWorldWar I ArabiainWorldWarI AfricaandtheMiddleEastinWorldWar I Asia inWorldWar I XVII - 5 18 60 121 ...

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ABBREVIATIONS AA AUSWARTIGESAMT TheGermanforeignministry,withheadquartersin Berlin. TodaytheministryislocatedinBonn. Bd. (pl. Bd ...