Handbook Political Theory.pdf

complete stranger—is, it is said, too demanding and, far from being morally required, is, or can be, morally objectionable. A nu ...

between two spheres of life: in my ordinary, everyday dealings with people, I am entitled to show more concern for my friends th ...

diVerences between a utilitarian account and an account based on the concept of reasonable agreement. 2 Impartiality as Agreemen ...

the value people set on the belief that their lives and institutions are justiWable to others. (Scanlon 1998 , 163 ) The speciWc ...

grounded in utilitarianism risks violating that requirement, since it could turn out that the maximally beneWcial principles wil ...

On this reading, impartiality matters both because it reXects a commitment to the equality of all, and because it supposes that ...

3 Higher-level Impartiality .................................................................................................... ...

Famously (or notoriously) Rawls has argued that impartial principles of justice may be the outcome of an ‘‘overlapping consensus ...

‘‘if someone is willing to commit his own life to a particular conception, and convinced that the alternative is catastrophic, t ...

However, in modern society especially, agreement will often be diYcult to obtain. When that is so, we mustWnd ways of explaining ...

chapter 24 ..................................................................................................................... ...

basis of their achievements or the quality of their performances. For example, justice requires that people be rewarded for the ...

desert-based justice, it is arguably wrong in stopping short of neutralizing some justice-disrupting luck. Before proceeding, it ...

competitions, or of the meritocratic principle that the person who is best qualified to perform the job deserves it, or of the v ...

that affect the attribution of an achievement (or lack thereof) to someone, as in the cases we have just mentioned, are problema ...

The conventional view contends that luck of this sort, unlike performance- disrupting luck, does not undermine desert (Miller 19 ...

various other features, which features may include the sheer possession of skills and traits (Narveson 1995 ; Feldman 1995 ; McL ...

We may think of this point as follows: while there are many different uses of ‘‘desert,’’ only some of these are relevant for ju ...

independent principle of desert. It is not then a notion of desert that is relevant for justice. The laissez-faire view’s challe ...

performance-disrupting, are unjust? The answer, as we will see, is affirmative: on a ‘‘fair opportunity view’’ of desert-based j ...