Basic Statistics

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BASIC STATISTICS ...

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BASIC STATISTICS A Primer for the Biomedical Sciences Fourth Edition OLIVE JEAN DUNN VIRGINIA A. CLARK WILEY A JOHN WILEY &S ...

Copyright 0 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jers ...

CONTENTS Preface to the Fourth Edition 1 Initial Steps 1.1 Reasons for Studying Biostatistics 1.2 Initial Steps in Designing a B ...

CONTENTS 1.3. 1.3.9 CONSORT Problems References Rating Studies by the Level of Evidence Populations and Samples 2. 2. 2. 2. Basi ...

CONTENTS vii 4.1.2 Stem and Leaf Tables 4.1.3 The Frequency Table 4.1.4 Relative Frequency Tables 4.2. 4.2. 4.2.3 Areas Under th ...

viii CONTENTS 6.4. 6.4. Using Histograms and Box Plots Using Normal Probability Plots or Quantile-Quantile Plots 6.5 Transformat ...

9 10 11 CONTENTS 8. 8. 8. 8. 8.4.2 Two Kinds of Error 8.4.3 An Illustration of fi Sample Size Confidence Intervals Versus Tests ...

X CONTENTS 1 1.1. 1 1.1. Tables Based on Matched or Paired Samples Relationship Between Type of Study Design and Type of Table 1 ...

CONTENTS xi 12.3 The Correlation Coefficient for Two Variables From a Single Sample 12.3.1 Calculation of the Correlation Coeffi ...

xii CONTENTS 14. 14. 14. 14.2. 14.2.3 The Survival Function 14.2.4 The Hazard Function Computing Estimates of f(t), S(t), and h( ...

Preface to the Fourth Edition This book is designed to serve as a textbook for a one-semester course in biostatistics for studen ...

xiv PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION and screening are also given. The remaining chapters are concentrated on statistical technique ...

CHAPTER 1 INITIAL STEPS Statistical methods have been developed to help in understanding data and to assist in making decisions ...

2 INITIAL STEPS accompanying graphic programs have made it possible to obtain attractive and mean- ingful displays of data witho ...

INITIAL STEPS IN DESIGNING A BIOMEDICAL STUDY 3 The first of these objectives typically leads to what are called experimental st ...

4 INITIAL STEPS Periods Induction Latency Disease Figure 1.1 Conceptual model of the disease process. and the patient did not st ...