Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law

less than their belief that the morally mandated out- come was obtained. JJuussttiiccee AApppprrooaacchheess ttoo LLeeggiittiimm ...

constructs are expected to result from individual dif- ferences on these constructs as well. Retributive Justice Although there ...

Restorative Justice (RJ) Restorative justice (RJ) is an approach to criminal behavior that emphasizes healing victims, offenders ...

validity to the idea that aspects of an offender’s char- acteristics may be inferred from the way the offender acts at the crime ...

scene. Much of this work has aimed to understand how an offender engages in patterns of actions that all demonstrate a similar u ...

with, or fabricating evidence; or making material mis- statements regarding law or fact. The legal and psy- chological importanc ...

misconduct is unlikely to affect the jury if countered by the defense attorney’s objections or corrected by the judge’s instruct ...

among the instruments psychologists may use to determine a patient’s capacity to provide informed consent. Persons may be hospit ...

PADs are relatively new legal instruments. Prior to the 1990s, most laws involving people with mental ill- ness, such as involun ...

potential legal liability in such cases, may be reluctant to support PADs or to encourage patients to complete them. Although un ...

PAD facilitation helps overcome patient barriers to completing PADs and may improve working alliance and treatment engagement am ...

PSYCHOLOGICALAUTOPSIES A psychological autopsy (or psychiatric autopsy—the terms are used interchangeably) is a reconstructive m ...

facts or outcome (which is never knowable or known). As a result of the limited data regarding the reliability and validity of o ...

Validity The content validity of the PICTS is supported by the fact that inmates familiar with the lifestyle concept participate ...

Fearlessness, Stress Immunity, and Coldheartedness. The PPI–R also contains three validity scales designed to detect aberrant re ...

internal consistency of the PPI–R Total score in an offender sample is somewhat lower (.84), with the internal consistencies of ...

may be a “secondary” variant of psychopathy, marked by psychological disturbance and violence potential. Practical Interest in P ...

To date, no randomized controlled trial has compared the outcomes of psychopathic individuals who do, or do not, receive treatme ...

VVaalliiddaattiioonn HHiieerraarrcchhyy Predictive utility (which seeks clinical utility) can- not be mistaken for construct val ...

the PPI has “Fearless Dominance” and “Impulsive Antisociality” scales that appear somewhat like the two scales of the PCL–R, the ...