P1: PSB Printer: tb-gts4c
GTBL042-Index GTBL042-Callister-v3 October 17, 2007 1:38
Index • 879Specific modulus, 625, 851
selected fiber-reinforcement
materials, 636
Specific strength, 533, 625, 851
selected fiber-reinforcement
materials, 636
Sphalerite structure, 50, 51
Spheroidite, 419–421, 851
hardness and ductility, 432
Spheroidization, 577, 851
Spherulites, in polymers, 97,
121–122, 851
alteration during deformation,
272–275
photomicrograph of
polyethylene, 123
transmission electron
micrograph, 97
Spinel, 51, 79, 374
flexural strength, 205
index of refraction, 767
modulus of elasticity, 193
structure, 79
thermal properties, 709
Spin magnetic moment, 19, 727
Spinnerets, 610
Spinning, polymer fibers, 610–611,
851
Stabilized zirconia, 377, 645
Stabilizers, 606–607, 851
Stacking faults, 147
Stainless steels, 521–523, 851.
See alsoFerrous alloys;
specific steels
compositions, properties, and
applications for selected, 523
creep resistance, 331
electrical conductivity, 469
passivity, 678
thermal properties, 709
weld decay, 685
Standard deviation, 230–231
Standard emf series, 665–667
Standard half-cells, 665, 851
Static fatigue, 304
Steady-state creep rate, 327
Steady-state diffusion, 851
Steatite, dielectric properties, 500
Steels, 383.See alsoAlloy steels;
Stainless steels
AISI/SAE designation scheme,
520
classification, 423, 518
costs, 829–830
elastic and shear moduli, 193electrical conductivity, 469
fatigue behavior (1045), 336
heat treatments, 576–588
impact energy, 314
magnetic properties, 746
overview of types, 517–523
plane strain fracture toughness,
300, 814
Poisson’s ratio, 193
properties as wires (fiber
reinforcement), 636
thermal properties, 709
yield and tensile strengths,
ductility (1020), 205
Step reaction polymerization,see
Condensation polymerization
Stereoisomerism, 851
polymers, 112–113
Sterling silver, 133, 538
Stiffness,seeModulus of elasticity
Stoichiometry, 131, 851
Stone age, 2
Strain, 190.See alsoStress-strain
behavior
engineering, 190, 851
lattice, 246–247, 260, 446, 846
shear, 191, 850
true, 208, 853
Strain hardening, 210, 260–263,
570, 851
corrosion and, 680
influence on electrical resistivity,
470, 471
influence on mechanical
properties, 261, 262
recrystallization after, 264–267
Strain-hardening exponent, 208,
262
determination of, 239
selected metal alloys, 209
Strain point (glass), 590, 851
Strength, 200
flexural, 211–212, 844
fracture, 201
ranges for material types (bar
chart), 7
Strengthening of metals:
grain size reduction, 257–258
mechanism, 257
solid-solution strengthening,
259–260
strain hardening,seeStrain
hardening
Stress,see alsoStress-strain
behaviorcritical (for fracture), 297
effect on creep, 328–329
engineering, 189, 851
mean (fatigue), 315, 316, 323
normal (resolved from pure
tensile), 191–192
range (fatigue), 315, 316
residual,seeResidual stresses
safe, 232, 850
shear, 191, 192, 250, 850
shear (resolved from pure
tensile), 191–192
thermal,seeThermal stresses
true, 207, 853
working, 232
Stress amplitude, 315, 316
Stress concentration, 293–297, 310,
323, 851
polymers, 308
Stress concentration factor, 296
Stress corrosion cracking, 660,
686–687, 851
in ceramics, 304
Stress raisers, 295, 323, 851
in ceramics, 213, 304
Stress ratio, 316
Stress relaxation measurements,
219
Stress relief annealing, 575, 851
Stress state, geometric
considerations, 191–192
Stress-strain behavior:
alloy steel, 236
brass, 202
ceramics, 213
composite, fibrous (longitudinal),
628
elastic deformation, 192–194
natural rubber, vulcanized and
unvulcanized, 280
nonlinear (elastic), 194
plastic deformation, 200–203
polymers, 215–217
shape-memory alloys, 441
for steel, variation with percent
cold work, 262
true, 208
Striations (fatigue), 320–322
Structural clay products, 543, 851
Structural composites, 650–652, 851
Structure, 3
atomic, 16–23
definition, 852
Structures, crystal,seeCrystal
structures