van der Padt, A., Schroën, K. and van’t Riet, K. (1996b) Scale up of Two-Phase Membrane
Bioreactors: Use of Free and Immobilised Lipase. In: Engineering of/with Lipases. (Malcata,
F.X. ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 543–550.
van der Padt, A., Sewalt, J.J.W. and van’t Riet, K. (1996a) Membrane Bioreactor Design to Force
Equilibrium Towards a Favourable Product Yield. In: Engineering of/with Lipases. (Malcata,
F.X. ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, pp. 473–481.
van der Padt, A., Sewalt, J.J.W., Ágoston, S.M.I, and van’t Riet, K. (1992) Candida rugosa Lipase
Stability During Acylglycerol Synthesis. Enzyme Microb. TechnoL, 14, 805–812.
van Eikeren, P., Brose, D.J., Muchmore, D.C. and West, J.B. (1990) Membrane Assisted Synthesis
of Chiral Drugs and Fine Chemicals. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 613, 796–801.
Virkar, P.D., Narendranathan, T.J. and Dunnill, P. (1981) The Effect of Shear on Globular Proteins:
Extension to High Shear Fields and to Pumps. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 23, 425–429.
Vishwanath, S.K., Watson, C.R., Huang, W., Bachas, L.G. and Bhattacharyya, D. (1997) Kinetic
Studies of Site-Specifically and Randomly Immobilized Alkaline Phosphatase on
Functionalized Membranes. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 68, 294–302.
Wandrey, C. (1987) Fine Chemicals. In: Proc. 4th European Congress on Biotechnology. (Neijssel,
O.M., van der Meer, R.R. and Luyben, K. Ch. A.M. eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers,
Amsterdam, pp. 171–188.
Wandrey, C., Fiolitakis, E. and Wichmann, R. (1984) L-Amino Acids from a Racemic Mixture of
α-Hydroxy Acids. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 434, 91–94.
Wichmann, R., Wandrey, C., Buckmann, A.F. and Kula, M.-R. (2000) Continuous Enzymatic
Transformation in an Enzyme Membrane Reactor With Simultaneous NAD(H) Regeneration.
Biotechnol. Bioeng., 67, 791–804.
Wichmann, R., Wandrey, C., Hummel, W., Schutte, H., Buckmann, A.F. and Kula, M.-R. (1984)
Enzymatic Production of Optically Active 2-Hydroxy Acids. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 434, 87–90.
Woo, G.-J. and McCord, J.D. (1994) Bioconversion of Starches Into Maltotetraose Using
Pseudomonas stutzeri Maltotetraohydrolase in a Membrane Recycle Bioreactor: Effect of
Multiple Enzyme Systems and Mass Balance Study. Enzyme Microb. TechnoL, 16, 1016–1020.
Wu, D.-P., Belfort, G. and Cramer, S.M. (1990) Enzymatic Resolution With a Multiphase
Membrane Bioreactor: A Theoretical Analysis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 1612–1621.
Wu, D.-R., Cramer, S.M. and Belfort, G. (1993) Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Glycidyl Butyrate
Using a Multiphase Membrane Enzyme Reactor: Experiments and Model Verification.
Biotechnol. Bioeng., 41, 979–990.
Xin, J.-Y., Li, S.-B., Xu, Y. and Wang, L.-L. (2000) Enzymatic Resolution of (S)-(+)-Naproxen in
a trapped Aqueous-organic Solvent Biphase Continuous Reactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 68, 78–
83.
Yang, V.C., Bernstein, H., Cooney, C.L. and Langer, R. (1988) The Development of an
Immobilized Heparinase Reactor. In: Bioreactor Immobilized Enzymes and Cells—
Fundamentals and Applications (Moo-Young, M. ed.). Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp.
83–94.
Yonese, M., Murabayashi, H. and Kishimoto, H. (1990) Diffusion-Reaction of Urea Through
Multimembrane Containing Urease—Effects of Microenvironments Around Urease and
Asymmetry of the Membrane. J. Membrane Sci., 54, 145–162.
Zhao, Q., Piot, J.-M., Sannier, F. and Guillochon, D. (1995) Peptic Hemoglobin Hydrolysis in an
Ultrafiltration Reactor at Pilot Scale Generates Opioid Peptides. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 750. 452–
458.
Multiphase bioreactor design 190