ordinary annuity An ordinary annuity is
an annuity in which the payments are made
at the end of each time period, and the
frequency of payments is the same as the fre-
quency of compounding. (Section 12.3)
origin The point at which the x-axis and
y-axis of a rectangular coordinate system
intersect is called the origin. (Section 3.1)
parabola The graph of a second-degree
(quadratic) equation in two variables, with
one variable first-degree, is called a parabola.
It is a conic section. (Section 9.5)
parallel lines Parallel lines are two lines
in the same plane that never intersect. (Sec-
tion 3.2)
Pascal’s triangle Pascal’s triangle is a
triangular array of numbers that occur as co-
efficients in the expansion of
using the binomial theorem. (Section 12.4)
payment period In an annuity, the time
between payments is called the payment
period. (Section 12.3)
percent Percent, written with the symbol ,
means “per one hundred.” (Section 2.2)
perfect square trinomial A perfect square
trinomial is a trinomial that can be factored
as the square of a binomial. (Section 6.3)
perpendicular lines Perpendicular lines
are two lines that intersect to form a right
(90°) angle. (Section 3.2)
point-slope form A linear equation is writ-
ten in point-slope form if it is in the form
, where mis the slope
of the line and is a point on the line.
(Section 3.3)
polynomial A polynomial is a term or a
finite sum of terms in which all coefficients
are real, all variables have whole number
exponents, and no variables appear in denom-
inators. (Section 5.2)
polynomial function A function defined
by a polynomial in one variable, consisting
of one or more terms, is called a polynomial
function. (Section 5.3)
polynomial in x A polynomial containing
only the variable xis called a polynomial in
x. (Section 5.2)
prime polynomial A prime polynomial is a
polynomial that cannot be factored into fac-
tors having only integer coefficients. (Sec-
tion 6.1)
principal root (principal nth root) For even
indexes, the symbols , , , ,
are used for nonnegative roots, which are
called principal roots. (Section 8.1)
product The answer to a multiplication
problem is called the product. (Section 1.2)
product of the sum and difference of two
terms The product of the sum and differ-
ence of two terms is the difference of the
squares of the terms, or. (Section 5.4)
proportion A proportion is a statement
that two ratios are equal. (Section 7.5)
proportional Ifyvaries directly as xand
there exists some nonzero real number (con-
stant)ksuch that then yis said to be
proportional to x. (Section 7.6)
proposed solution A value that appears as
an apparent solution after a radical, rational,
or logarithmic equation has been solved
according to standard methods is called a
proposed solution for the original equation.
It may or may not be an actual solution and
must be checked. (Sections 7.4, 8.6, 10.6)
pure imaginary number A complex num-
ber with and is called a
pure imaginary number. (Section 8.7)
Pythagorean theorem The Pythagorean
theorem states that the square of the length
of the hypotenuse of a right triangle equals
the sum of the squares of the lengths of the
two legs. (Section 8.3)
quadrant A quadrant is one of the four
regions in the plane determined by the axes
in a rectangular coordinate system. (Sec-
tion 3.1)
quadratic equation A quadratic equation
is an equation that can be written in the form
, where a,b, and care
real numbers, with. (Sections 6.5, 9.1)
quadratic formula The quadratic formula
is a general formula used to solve a quadratic
equation of the formwhere It is
(Section 9.2)
quadratic function A function defined by
an equation of the form
, for real numbers a,b, and c, with
, is a quadratic function. (Section 9.5)
quadratic inequality A quadratic inequality
is an inequality that can be written in the form
or
(or with or ), where a,b, and care real
numbers, with. (Section 9.7)
quadratic in form An equation is quad-
ratic in form if it can be written in the form
for and an alge-
braic expression u. (Section 9.3)quotient The answer to a division problem
is called the quotient. (Section 1.2)radical An expression consisting of a radi-
cal symbol, root index, and radicand is called
a radical. (Section 8.1)
radical equation A radical equation is an
equation with a variable in at least one radi-
cand. (Section 8.6)
radical expression A radical expression is
an algebraic expression that contains radi-
cals. (Section 8.1)
radical symbol The symbol is called
a radical symbol. (Section 1.3)
radicand The number or expression under
a radical symbol is called the radicand. (Sec-
tion 8.1)
radius The radius of a circle is the fixed
distance between the center and any point on
the circle. (Section 11.2)
range The set of all second components
(y-values) in the ordered pairs of a relation is
called the range. (Section 3.5)
ratio A ratio is a comparison of two quan-
tities using a quotient. (Section 7.5)
rational expression The quotient of two
polynomials with denominator not 0 is called
a rational expression. (Section 7.1)
rational function A function that is de-
fined by a quotient of polynomials is called a
rational function. (Section 7.1)
rational inequality An inequality that
involves rational expressions is called a ra-
tional inequality. (Section 9.7)
rationalizing the denominator The pro-
cess of rewriting a radical expression so that
the denominator contains no radicals is called
rationalizing the denominator. (Section 8.5)
rational numbers Rational numbers can
be written as the quotient of two integers, with
denominator not 0. (Section 1.1)
real numbers Real numbers include all
numbers that can be represented by points
on the number line—that is, all rational and
irrational numbers. (Section 1.1)
real part The real part of a complex num-
ber is a. (Section 8.7)
reciprocal(Seemultiplicative inverse.)
reciprocal function The reciprocal function
is defined by (Sections 7.4, 11.1)
rectangular (Cartesian) coordinate system
Thex-axis and y-axis placed at a right angle
at their zero points form a rectangular coor-
dinate system, also called the Cartesian
coordinate system. (Section 3.1)ƒ 1 x 2 =^1 x.a+bi2R
au^2 +bu+c=0, aZ 0aZ 0... Úax^2 +bx+c 60 ax^2 +bx+c 70aZ 0bx+cƒ 1 x 2 =ax^2 +x=- b 2 b^2 - 4 ac
2 a
aZ0..
ax^2 +bx+c=0,aZ 0ax^2 +bx+c= 0Q
a+bi a= 0 bZ 0y=kx,x^2 - y^21 x+y 21 x-y 2 =2 24 26 Á 2 n1 x 1 ,y 12y-y 1 =m 1 x-x 12
%1 x+y 2 n,