Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics

Refined chicle for use in chewing gums
does not contain the water-soluble constitu-
ents present in crude chicle. However, data on
its precise chemical composition are limited.

TOXICOLOGY

Limited available data indicate chicle to be
nontoxic.^10

USES

Medicinal, Pharmaceutical, and Cosmetic.
Claimed to be a useful ingredient in hair
preparations (dressings and pomades).11,12

Food. The primary use of chicle is as the

‘‘gum’’ base in chewing gum; its use level in

chewing gum is about 20%. The rest of the

chewing gum is sugar and corn syrup, with

small amounts of flavorings. This ‘‘gum’’ is

not a true gum (seeglossary) but is close in

chemical and physical nature to natural rubber

and resins; hence it is soft and plastic when

chewed and is reportedly not soluble in

saliva.^13

COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS

Mainly crude.

Regulatory Status. Approved for foods use

as a chewing gum base (§172.615).

REFERENCES

See the General References forHORTUS3rd;LIST AND HO ̈RHAMMER;MCGUFFIN1&2;TERRELL;UPHOF;
YOUNGKEN.

1. B. L. Archer and B. G. Audley in L. P.
   Miller, ed., Phytochemistry, Vol. 2,
   Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York,
   1973, p. 310.


2. P. D. Strausbaugh and E. L. Core in
   D. N. Lapedes et al., eds.,McGraw-Hill
   Encyclopedia of Science and Technology,
   Vol. 3, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1977,
   p. 63.


3. F. W. Stavely et al., Rubber Chem.
   Technol., 34 , 423 (1961).


4. E. Azpeitia et al.,Can. J. Chem., 39 , 2321
   (1961).


5. Y. Tanaka and H. Sato,Polymer, 17 , 113
   (1976).


6. G. G. S. Dutton and S. Kabir,Carbohydr.
   Res., 28 , 187 (1973).
   7. E. Anderson and H. D. Ledbetter,J. Am.
   Pharm. Assoc., 40 , 623 (1951).
   8. Y. Tanaka et al.,J. Nat. Rubber Res., 3 ,
   177 (1988).
   9. Y. Sato et al.,J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci.
   Technol., 38 , 595 (1991).


7. T. Shoji et al.,Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi,
   6 , 27 (1965).


8. E. M. Mendez, U.S. Pat. 3,453,361
   (1969).


9. M. Fujiwara, Jpn. Kokai 72 47,665
   (1972).


10. H. W. Conner in D. N. Lapedes et al., eds.,
    McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science
    and Technology, Vol. 5, McGraw-Hill,
    New York, 1977, p. 447.

CHICORY ROOT

Source: Cichorium intybus L. (Family
Compositae or Asteraceae).

Common/vernacular names: Blue sailors,

chicory, chicory root, common chicory root,

wild chicory, and succory.

Chicory root 189