Figure 6.2 Retention of soluble
enzymes in membrane reactors by
confinement through: a) size
exclusion, b) size exclusion via
enlargement, c) electrostatic repulsion
and d) isoelectric trapping. ( —
membrane)
Figure 6.3 Retention by direct
immobilisation of enzymes in
membrane reactors by: a) chemical
coupling, b) adsorption, c) entrapment,
d) electrostatic interactions and e)
immobilisation on a macroscopic
carrier. ( —membrane)
Enzymatic membrane reactors 149