8 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter
b2861 The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter “6x9”
Table
1.2
Three stages of the development of scientific knowledge.
Field
Description (1)
Organization (2)
Theory Building (3)
Physics (A)
Atomic spectra (e.g., Lyman,
Balmer, Ritz–Paschen, etc. series of hydrogen atomic spectral lines in the 19th century)
Bohr’s atomic model (1913)
Quantum mechanics (1926)
Chemistry (B)
Chemical structuresChemical reactions (since the
Middle Ages, 5th–15th century)
Periodic
table
(1869)
Thermodynamics (19th century)Statistical mechanics (late 19th and early 20th centuries)Kinetic theory (early 20th century)Theory of self-organization (second half of the 20th century)
Linguistics (C)
Descriptive linguistics (since
the 6th to 5th century BC?)
Grammars and lexicons (from 5th
century BC to 10th century AD?)
F. de Saussure’s linguisticsC. S. Peirce’s semioticsN. Chomsky’s Universal Grammar (19th–20th century)
Biology (D)
Descriptive biology (since the
time of Aristotle in the 4th century BC)
Cell doctrine (1838–1839)Cell structure (19th century)Metabolic pathways (1930s)Chargaff’s rules (1950)DNA double helix (1953)Genetic code (1961)Signal transduction pathways and
Genetic networks (second half of the 20th century)
DNA scrunching mechanism of
transcription initiation (2006)
Darwin’s theory of evolution (1859)Induced-fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis (1958) [13, 28]Pre-fit hypothesis of enzyme catalysis (1974) [12, 25,
pp. 209–213]
Biocybernetics (1972–1991) [7]Conformon theory of molecular machines (1972–1974)
[7, pp. 31–38]
Cell force postulate (1991–2012) [7, pp. 90–118]Cell language theory (1995–2000) [19–23]Complementarism (2004) [24]Category theory of everything (cTOE) (2012) [25, pp. 633–642]Dissipaton-targeting drugs (2012) [25, p. 618]Planckian information,
Ip
(2015) [26]
Note
: The columns are labeled with Arabic numerals and the rows with English letters. Thus, A3 indicates quantum mechanics, B2 indicates the periodic
table
, etc.
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