Section 1.
Principles of Mooring
1.1 GENERAL
The term "mooring" refers 10 the ~ystem for securing a ship 10 a terminal. The most common
terminals for lankers are piers and sea islands, however, other shipboard operations such as mooring
al Single Point. Moorings (SPM's), Multi-Buoy Moorings (MBM's ), emergency to .... 'ing, lUg handling,
barge mooring, canal Iransil, lightening and anchor ing may fall illto cl]e broad category of mooring
and thus require specialised fi(\ing~ or equipment_ Anchoring equipmenl is covered by Classification
Society rules and is therefore not included in these guidelines.
Figure 1.1 shows a typical mooring pattern at a tan ker ler.mina].~ O!llphJn
"-
"~-,,-"-~~- ------ ------
5re:n
LH100S:FIGURE 1.1: TYPICAL MOORING PATTERNThe use of an efficient mooring system is essential for the safety of the ship, ber crcw, the terminal
and rhe environment. The problem of how to 0pli.misc lhe moorings 10 resist the various forct!S will
be dealt wilh by answering the foHowing questions:
- What arc the forces applied on t he ship?
- What general principles derermine how the applied forces are disuibuted 10 the mooring lines?
- How can the. above principles be appljed in establis hing a good mooring arrangement?
Since no mooring oulllt has un.limited capability. in order to address these questions it will be necessary
to understand precisely what t.he moorings of a ship are expected 10 achieve.