- Call out crew, Li.ncmen, mooring boats, tugs and put shIp's engmes on readmess.
- Run extra moorings as available together with any shore mooring available to llUgment ship's
equipment. - In emergencil" place winches in gear.
1.1 0 LIMITATIONS ON USE OF TUGS AND BOATS
Tugs can perform a very useful fUllction in holding the s hip against the bert h in ordt.·r to reduce
the strain on moorings. Howe ver, care should be exercised whe,n high horsepower tugs are engaged
to keep the tanker alongside a jetty. The application of excessive power could result in over com-
pression of the fenders and damage to the ship's side. Also, it mus t be recognized that tugs have
certain operating limits and that, particularly in benhs subject 10 waves, tbese limits are likely to be
exceeded. For instance experie[\ce has shoWJl that tugs that are in general use lose significant efficiency
in controlling VLCCs and other vessels in wave heights of 1.5 m or more, primarily because of tug
motions.
In the case of Multi-Buoy Moorings, boats may be required to release moorrng lines from buoys. At
jetties, boaiS may be required to put line handlers on detached mooring dolphins. As with tugs, the
boats will have operating limit.s which will be exceeded under extreme conditions.
1.11 UNBERTHING THE SHIP IN AN EMERGENCY
It is apparent that the ship may be required to leave the berth to prevent damage to itself or to
the pier and tbat th e point at whic h it lea cs Illay be dict.ated by the limits on tbe use of togs and
work boats and nOl by mooring Line loads or slUp movement. It must be em pb asi zed , however, that
the sbip Master who i. respo n. ible for the safety of the snip must decide whether it is safe to do
so or whether by making a hurried UIlberthing manoeuvre he will in fact place his ship in g reater
jeopardy. The re are al so certain berths where tidal conditioDs or manoeuvring areas may be such as
to prevent the unb.:rl hi ng o f I he ship a( certain times.
1.12 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
1.12.1 Recommendations jor Berlh Designers
- The mooring facilities provided at tllc bertb should be such as to permit the largest vessel
which is to be accommoda ted to remain safely moored alongside. - The wind and current forc' o n the shjp should be calculated for tbe wind and current
conditions under which the ship may remain moored a[ the benh, using the procedures covered
in Section 2 of these guidelines and in Reference 3. - Allowable loads in anyone mooring line should nOI exceed 55010 of ifS Minimum Breaking
Load ( MBL). - The following principlCl should be applied when desigrting the layout of moorin g facilities on
the berth:
Mooring points s hall be disposed as nearly as possible symmetrically about the cent re point.
Breast moorings shaU be provided such Ihat tbey will emanate from points near the fore and
aft ends of the ship and as nearly as possible perpendicular to the fore and aft line of the ship.The length of mooring lines should be wilhin the range 35 to 50 m and, where intended for thf
same service and practicable, be equal.