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lower in those with chronic fatigue syndrome. Other studies show zinc
can be lowered by the presence of increased levels of pro-inflammatory
cytokines such as IL-6. Low zinc has also been associated with hypothy-
roidism. The dose used by Dr. Maes was 30 mg a day.
N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC)
Hashimoto’s patients are deficient in the antioxidant glutathione. It helps
prevent free radical damage to the thyroid but isn’t well-absorbed if taken
orally. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor to glutathione and can be
taken orally. NAC has been used for healing intestinal permeability. Be
aware it can cause stomach upset if taken on an empty stomach and thus
should be taken with food. Dr. Maes used a dose of 1.8 grams a day with
chronic fatigue patients.
Factors That Reduce Intestinal Permeability
• Beneficial bacterial species from probiotics
and fermented foods
• N-acetyl cysteine
• AT-1001 (larazotide)
• Black pepper, green pepper, nutmeg, bay leaf (piperine)
• Black tea
• Protamine
• Glutamine
• Zinc
• Quercetin
• Saturated fat
• Medium-chain fatty acids
• Lauric acid and palmitic acid
• Butyrate
• Leaky gut diet
Rebalancing the Bacterial Flora
Most people with Hashimoto’s have imbalanced bacterial flora. This
seems to be the root cause of many autoimmune conditions, contribut-
ing to intestinal permeability and increased autoimmunity.