other bishops, had ordained large numbers of men in his first year of
residency, with the numbers decreasing after that.^22 While many of the
Marian clergy conformed, with only 18 being deposed in the first five
years, Jewel was aided further by the presence of clergy whom Capon
had deprived under Mary for being married. Thus Jewel found a diocese
at least nominally disposed to the change of religion. Nonetheless,
given the size of his diocese – just under 300 parishes – Jewel’s ordination
of 60 men as presbyters, while certainly not filling all his needs, was
commensurate with the combined numbers ordained by Grindal and
Parker, 454 for the southern province and the London diocese. Jewel
also attempted to enforce residency on his cathedral chapter, and
seemed to have success in keeping most of his clergy in check. He would
have problems with one lay vicar, though, as shall be seen, this was
not a problem of residency. His most famous prebend, however, John
Foxe the martyrologist, left no evidence that he ever sat foot in
Salisbury.
In regard to the financial and physical decay of the diocese Jewel laid
a great deal of blame at the feet of his predecessor, Capon, although
much of the diocese’s wealth appears to have been plundered with the
spoilation of the monasteries and the chantries. Some of this loss
eventually was even at the hands of the cathedral chapter, who during
Jewel’s tenure bought up what probably was the remainder of the
cathedral’s jewels, ornaments and copes over the protests of the
chancellor of the cathedral.^23 Jewel himself oversaw some of the financial
drain imposed on the diocese’s finances since he ordered the removal of
the roods and images that had been reintroduced in Mary’s reign,^24 some
210 JOHN JEWEL AND THE ENGLISH NATIONAL CHURCH
(^22) Wiltshire Record Office, Register of bishop Jewel 1560–71, microfilm D1/2/16 (part
[the first section of D1/2/16 contains Capon’s register, and is on the same roll of microfilm
as Campeggio’s and Shaxton’s registers]). Wenig gives the number of Jewel’s ordinations at
396, for his time as bishop up to 1569, though his calculations of numbers is deceiving.
Wenig counts both ordinations to the diaconate and presbyteriate, though many of those
ordained deacons were often made presbyters, some in the very year they were ordained to
the diaconate, for example, Thomas Williams, who was ordained deacon and priest in
1560 (W.R.O. S1/2/16, f. 12r. 2nd section). This gives a false impression about the total
number. Jewel was the first bishop of Salisbury recorded to have performed his ordinations
within the chapel of the episcopal palace. W.A.&N.H.M.25, p. 170.
(^23) Kathleen Edwards, ‘The Cathedral of Salisbury’, in History of Wiltshire, p. 187.
(^24) ‘Accounts survive from the 134 parishes in the sample for Mary’s reign, and show a
considerable homogeneity in the process of Catholic restoration. By the end of 1554, all
had rebuilt a high altar, and obtained vestments and copes, some or all of the utensils and
ornaments of the mass (a crucifix, holy water stoop, chalice, pyx, pax, patten, sacring bell,
chrismatory, cruets, censers and candlesticks) and some or all of the necessary books.’
Ronald Hutton, ‘The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations’, in Christopher Haigh, ed.,
The English Reformation Revised(Cambridge, 1987), p. 129.
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