military, and Iranian Revolution, 48,
53, 54– 55
Mirza Hasan Shirazi, 13, 21
modernization
and Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, 16,
27 – 30, 41, 82
and Reza Shah Pahlavi, 14–16, 25,
82
Mohaddessin, Muhammad, 87
Mojahedin-e Khalq-e Iran, 45– 46
Mongols, 10
Montaigne, Fen, 86
Montazeri, Ayatollah Husein Ali, 75,
82
Mosaddiq, Muhammad, 28–29, 45, 58
Motahari, Morteza, 42
Mottahedeh, Roy, 40, 55, 73
Muhammad (Muhammad ibn Abdullah),
10, 11, 19, 20, 41, 87
Mujahedeen-e-Khalq, 65
mullahs,14, 19, 20, 42, 55, 67
Mustafa (son), 22, 46– 47
mysticism, Khomeini studying, 22
Najaf, Iraq, Khomeini exiled to, 40– 42
Nasir al-Din Shah, 13
National Front (NF), 45, 58
nationalization, and oil, 28, 29
Neauphle-le-Château, France, Khomeini
exiled to, 50–51, 63
Office of Islamic Guidance, 72
oil
discovery of, 27
and Iran, 27–29, 44, 45
and Iraq-Iran War, 64–65, 72, 73
and Islamic Republic of Iran, 87
and Muhammad Reza Pahlavi,
27 – 28
and nationalization, 28, 29
and OPEC, 44
strikes against, 51– 52
and United States, 29
Omid, Homa, 83
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC), 44
Pahlavi, Muhammad Reza, 16–17,
27 – 33
and Azhari as prime minister, 50
and Bakhtiar as prime minister, 53,
55
and concessions to protesters, 47,
48 – 49, 50
and coronation, 27
and demand for forced return to
Iran from United States, 62, 78
demonstrations against, 37–38,
39 – 40, 47– 48
and extravagance, 16–17, 27, 30–32,
44
and fleeing Italy, 29
and fleeing to Egypt, 3, 52– 53
and foreign involvement in Iran, 16,
27 – 31, 32, 35–36, 37, 39, 40, 45
and freeing political prisoners, 47, 49
and inflation, 45, 47
and Islam, 30
Khomeini’s early contempt for,
24 – 25
and marriages, 27, 52
and modernization of Iran, 16,
27 – 30, 41, 82
Mosaddiq versus, 28 – 29, 45
and national improvement plan,
44 – 45
and oil, 27–29, 44, 45, 51– 52
opposition to, 3, 4–5, 16, 25, 30–33,
35 – 42, 45–52.See alsoIranian
Revolution
overthrow of, 44– 55
and political parties, 45– 46
and proclaimed as fugitive by
Islamic Republic of Iran, 58
and secret security force (SAVAK),
29, 45, 48, 58– 59
as shah, 16, 27
and Sharif-Emami as prime minis-
ter, 48–49, 50
and Shiism, 30–31, 32, 35, 46
and twenty-five-hundred-year Per-
sian anniversary celebration,
31 – 32107
INDEX