110
Runyon M, Zahm KW, Veach PM, MacFarlane IM, LeRoy BS. What do genetic counselors learn
on the job? A qualitative assessment of professional development outcomes. J Genet Couns.
2010;19:371–86.
Salzman M. Attributional discrepancies and bias in cross-cultural interactions. J Multicult Couns
Devel. 1995;23:181–93.
Schema L, McLaughlin M, Veach PM, LeRoy BS. Clearing the air: a qualitative investiga-
tion of genetic counselors’ experiences of counselor-focused patient anger. J Genet Couns.
2015;24:717–31.
Schirmer BR. Psychological, social, and educational dimensions of deafness. Boston, MA: Allyn
& Bacon; 2001.
Selkirk CG, Veach PM, Lian F, Schimmenti L, LeRoy BS. Parents’ perceptions of autism spectrum
disorder etiology and recurrence risk and effects of their perceptions on family planning: rec-
ommendations for genetic counselors. J Genet Couns. 2009;18:507–19.
Siemińska MJ, Szymańska M, Mausch K. Development of sensitivity to the needs and suffering of
a sick person in students of medicine and dentistry. Med Health Care Philos. 2002;5:263–71.
Slendokova B. Genetic counseling students’ empathic understanding of a prenatal patient’s reac-
tions to the diagnosis of down syndrome: a simulation study. Unpublished master’s paper,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; 2005.
Steinberg Warren N. A genetic counseling cultural competence toolkit. n.d.. http://www.geneticcounsel-
ingculturaltoolkit.com/. Accessed 21 Mar 2017.
Steinberg Warren N, Wilson PL. COUNSELING: a 10-point approach to cultural competence in
genetic counseling. Perspect Genet Couns. 2013;Q3:6–7.
Stone HW. Brief pastoral counseling. J Pastoral Care Counsel. 1994;48:33–43.
Tluczek A, Koscik RL, Modaff P, Pfeil D, Rock MJ, Farrell PM, et al. Newborn screening for
cystic fibrosis: parents’ preferences regarding counseling at the time of infants’ sweat test. J
Genet Couns. 2006;15:277–91.
Valverde KD. Genetic counseling: a new perspective. J Genet Couns. 2002;11:285–7.
VandenLangenberg E. Empathy training in genetic counseling: an investigation of how genetic
counselors learn to “walk in their patients’ shoes”. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota
Digital Conservancy; 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11299/96724.
Vincent S. Being empathic: a companion for counsellors and therapists. Oxford: Radcliffe; 2005.
Weil J. Psychosocial genetic counseling. New York: Oxford University Press; 2000.
Wells DM, Veach PM, Martyr MA, LeRoy BS. Development, experience, and expression of mean-
ing in genetic counselors’ lives: an exploratory analysis. J Genet Couns. 2016;25:799–817.
Williams CR, Abeles N. Issues and implications of deaf culture in therapy. Prof Psychol Res Pr.
2004;35:643–8.
Wispé L. The distinction between sympathy and empathy: to call forth a concept, a word is needed.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986;50:314–21.
Zahm KW, Veach PM, Martyr MA, LeRoy BS. From novice to seasoned practitioner: a qualitative
investigation of genetic counselor professional development. J Genet Couns. 2016;25:818–34.
Zanko A, Abrams L. Case report: concurrent Wilson disease and Huntington disease: lightning can
strike twice. J Genet Couns. 2015;24:40–5.
4 Listening to Patients: Primary Empathy Skills