Acknowledgements
This book is written in memory of my catholic and Jewish ancestors: ‘requiescant
in pace’: may they rest in peace. i am most grateful to nurit ilkhani, Rabbi Zvi
solomons, and david oderberg for their help in translating Hebrew texts. i am
also grateful to christopher tyerman, Martin brett, Kenneth stow, Robert chazan,
Jeremy cohen, david d’avray, Miri Rubin, anna abulafia, nora berend, christopher
wickham, david Kertzer, Richard bosworth, and christopher duggan who made
invaluable suggestions and comments about the book at various stages of com-
position, and to Manikandan chandrasekaran, Penny trumble, Fiona tatham,
stephanie ireland, and cathryn steele at oxford University Press. My especial
thanks to Robert chazan for letting me use two maps from his book The Jews of
Medieval Western Christendom, 1000–1500 (cambridge: cambridge University
Press, 2006) and to Father dominic izzo, oP (santa sabina, Rome) for the front-
cover photo. i also thank my parents, John and anna Rist, and my siblings for
their love and support.
The book is dedicated to my former supervisor Jonathan Riley-smith.