Nautelex
David Patraiko FNI rounds up the latest news, releases and events affecting the
maritime professional throughout the world
Î
Human Rights at Sea Spoofing
CHIRP Report
Port management AI in Singapore
Î GPS, and other Global
Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS) are vulnerable from
many different angles:
by attacking positioning,
navigational and timing
(PNT) data through electronic
warfare (EW) capabilities,
state and non-state actors can
cause significant damage to
modern militaries, shipping,
major economies and everyday
consumers alike.
With recent technological
advances, the tools and
methodologies for conducting
this interference are now
at high risk of proliferation.
GNSS attacks are emerging as
a viable, disruptive strategic
threat.
C4ADS, a US non-profit
organisation dedicated to
data-driven analysis and
evidence-based reporting of
conflict and security issues
worldwide has recently
published a report ‘Above Us
Only Stars – GPS Spoofing in
Russia and Syria’ available at
http://www.c4ads.org.
The report presents findings
from a year long investigation
on an emerging subset of EW
activity: the ability to mimic
or ‘spoof ’ legitimate GNSS
signals in order to manipulate
PNT data. Using publicly
available data and commercial
technologies, C4ADS detected
and analysed patterns of
GNSS spoofing in the Russian
Federation, Crimea and Syria
that demonstrate the Russian
Federation is growing a
comparative advantage in the
targeted use and development
of GNSS spoofing capabilities
to achieve tactical and
strategic objectives at home
and abroad. ÍÎ The first version of the inaugural
‘Geneva Declaration on Human
Rights at Sea‘ has been published
by the organisation Human Rights
at Sea, following an initial drafting
session in Switzerland at the
Graduate Institute of International
and Development Studies.
The principal aim of the
Declaration is to raise global
awareness about the abuse
of human rights at sea and to
mobilise an international effort to
put an end to it.
The Declaration recognises
established international human
Î The CHIRP Maritime Charitable
Trust has published its Annual
Digest 2018, giving a summary of
reports and insight into a broad
spectrum of maritime disciplines.
The navigation section begins
with a case where changeover
procedures were not fully
understood, before considering
a helmsman who made an error
which was noticed and corrected.
Effective supervision saved the day,
but we should ask whether fatigue
Î The Maritime and Port
Authority of Singapore (MPA) is
to launch a collaborative effort to
develop innovative technologies
for vessel traffic management in
the Port of Singapore.
Fujitsu Limited, Singapore
Management University (SMU)
and A*STAR’s Institute of High
Performance Computing (IHPC)
will work with the MPA to
develop predictive technologies
that will leverage the power of
artificial intelligence (AI) and big
data analytics to optimise the
management of Singapore’s port
and surrounding waters. The
technologies will be validated
using real world data to improve
the forecasting of congestion and
identification of potential collisions
and other risk hotspots before they
occur at sea.
Several key technologies are
being developed for improving the
rights law and international
maritime law, highlights the
applicable legal assumptions
and reflects the emerging
development and customary use
of the increased crossover of the
two bodies of law.
The concept of human rights
at sea rests on four fundamental
principles:
O Human rights apply at sea to
exactly the same degree and
extent that they do on land;
O All persons at sea, without any
distinction, enjoy human rights
at sea;was a contributing factor.
There is a worrying report about
a ship which failed to observe
the COLREGs in the open ocean,
where there was absolutely no
need to cause a close quarters
situation.The report also looks at
a port approach which was poorly
charted and where the response
of the authorities was extremely
disappointing.
Once again, communication
issues take centre stage in manymanagement of maritime vessel
traffic. These include:
O Prediction models, such as a
short term trajectory prediction
model that accurately predicts
the trajectory of a vessel
using machine learning and
motion physics. A long-term
traffic model that can forecast
the traffic situation based on
the traffic patterns of a large
number of vessel types, derived
from historical data will also be
developed.
O Risk and hotspot calculation
models, such as a risk calculation
model that can reliably quantify
the near miss risk of a pair of
vessels by integrating various
risk models, and a hotspot
model that dynamically reveals
changing risk hotspots through
spatio-temporal data analysis.
O Intelligent coordination models,
such as a spatial coordinationO There are no maritime specific
rules allowing derogation from
human rights standards;
O All human rights established
under treaty and customary
international law must be
respected at sea.
The first drafting round was
supported with input and
observers from UN agencies,
human rights lawyers and
international and civil society
organisations.
Download the document from:
http://www.humanrightsatsea.org Íreports. Captains should really
know better than to grunt at
engineer officers and keep them
in the dark, while pre-arrival
checks should always be carried
out properly. By the same token,
modern ports should probably not
suffer from a lack of tug crews on a
working day – and Sunday lunch is
not a legitimate excuse!
Download the full report here:
http://www.chirpmaritime.org Ímodel that seeks to re-route
vessels to avoid near miss and
collision incidents.
O A temporal coordination model
that coordinates the passage
timing of vessels to reduce
hotspots.
These technologies will
eventually be integrated and
test-bedded for their potential
to enhance navigational safety,
such as the ability to detect
and recognise a near miss risk
prior to the event by combining
short-term trajectory prediction
with risk calculation. Another
target is to forecast and mitigate
the dynamically changing
hotspot before it is generated
(e.g. 30 minutes beforehand)
by integrating long-term traffic
forecasts, hotspot calculation and
intelligent coordination models. Í28 | Seaways | May 2019 Read Seaways online at http://www.nautinst.org/seaways