SCIENCE sciencemag.org
of the polyunsaturated fatty
acid 5-oxoETE was selectively
increased in colonic biopsies
from patients with a subtype of
IBS characterized by constipa-
tion. They showed that 5-oxoETE
increased pain sensitivity in
mice without eliciting inflam-
mation and stimulated both
mouse and human pain-sensing
neurons expressing the G pro-
tein–coupled receptor Mrgprd.
Knockdown of Mrgprd in mice
reduced the percentage of neu-
rons that responded to 5-oxoETE
and decreased pain sensitivity.
—JFF
Sci. Signal. 11 , eaal2171 (2018).
CELL BIOLOGY
Membrane scission by
E S C R Ts
The ESCRT protein complexes
are essential for cell division,
the release of HIV from infected
cells via budding, and other
cell processes involving the
scission of narrow membrane
necks from their inner surface.
The unusual inside-directed
membrane cutting has made it
hard to recapitulate this reaction
and understand its mechanism.
Schöneberg et al. encapsulated
ESCRTs inside lipid vesicles
and used optical tweezers to
pull out membrane nanotubes.
In the presence of adenosine
triphosphate, clusters of ESCRTs
generated force and constricted
the nanotube, eventually sever-
ing it. This approach provides
a window into the molecular
mechanisms involved in the
activities of ESCRTs. —SMH
Science, this issue p. 1423
TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY
gd T cells come to
the fore
Studies on T cells within the
tumor microenvironment have
largely focused on T cells that
express gd T cell receptors
(TCRs). Benveniste et al. used an
in vitro culture system to expand
melanoma antigen–specific T
cells and identified gd T cells that
recognize melanoma antigens in
a class I major histocompatibility
complex (MHC)–restricted
manner. They then crystallized
one of these gd TCRs complexed
with cognate peptide, MHC, and
β2 microglobulin. T cell–centric
therapies have been success-
ful in treating certain cancers.
These results should contribute
toward a closer examination of
the role of gd T cells in the tumor
microenvironment of melano-
mas and other cancers. —AB
Sci. Immunol. 3 , eaav4036 (2018).21 DECEMBER 2018 • VOL 362 ISSUE 6421 1374-C
Published by AAAS