The Washington Post - 05.11.2019

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Showers 65/43 Tomorrow: Mostly sunny 57/42 B8 Democracy Dies in Darkness TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 5 , 2019. $

California wildfires Power outages lead to

faulty air-quality measurements. As soon as

one blaze is contained, another erupts. A3, C

Bowing out of the climate deal The Trump

administration officially notified the world the

U.S. will exit the Paris accord next fall. A

HEALTH & SCIENCE

Cosmic confusion

Astronomers have a

mystery to solve, and

nailing down how fast the

universe is growing may

require “new physics.” E

STYLE

Revealing Prince

“The Beautiful Ones” isn’t

the memoir the enigmatic

music icon envisioned,

but it’s a moving look at

the singer’s life. C

In the News

THE NATION

The Supreme Court

considered whether it is

reasonable for police to

pull over a vehicle regis-

tered to someone with a

suspended license, even

when it is unclear who

the driver is. A

Longtime Trump ally

Roger Stone began his

trial over alleged lies to

Congress and witness

tampering. A

Muslim candidates,

including Reps. Ilhan

Omar and Rashida

Tlaib, endured torrents

of xenophobic attacks

and threats on Twitter

during last year’s cam-

paign season, much of it

amplified through bots

and other fake accounts,

according to a study. A

THE WORLD

Thick smog settled over

India’s capital, prompt-

ing the government to

ban millions of vehicles

from the streets a day af-

ter New Delhi recorded

its worst air quality in

three years. A

As public trust in Hong

Kong’s police force col-

lapses, officers and pro-

testers resort to dehu-

manizing language —

which can be a precursor

to mass slaughter. A

The killing of an indig-

enous “guardian” of

Brazil’s Amazon is draw-

ing attention and prom-

ises from officials. A

THE ECONOMY

Extending last week’s

run, U.S. markets closed

at record highs. A

Unemployment has

been rising in key swing

states, including Michi-

gan and Wisconsin. A

8chan, the message

board known for propel-

ling white-supremacist

and extremist content, is

back and has been re-

branded as 8kun. A

THE REGION

D.C. Council member

Jack Evans repeatedly

used his office on behalf

of private clients who

paid him hundreds of

thousands of dollars, a

law firm hired by the

council found. B

At a D.C. Council hear-

ing, residents weighed

in on the future of

e-scooters in the city. B

The Rev. Willie

Wilson, 75, one of

D.C.’s most influential

pastors and activists,

celebrated retirement

after 46 years. B

Virginians go to the

polls with control of the

legislature at stake in

what is seen as a proxy

war over President

Trump and his political

future. B

A ‘thin blue line’ flag

in Montgomery County

pitted elected officials

against Maryland Gov.

Larry Hogan. B

Inside

STUART W. PALLEY FOR THE WASHINGTON POST

BUSINESS NEWS........................A

COMICS ....................................... C

OPINION PAGES.........................A

LOTTERIES...................................B

OBITUARIES ................................ B

TELEVISION ................................. C

WORLD NEWS............................A

CONTENT © 2019

The Washington Post / Year 142, No. 335

LOOKING NORTH

SARAH L. VOISIN/THE WASHINGTON POST

Francisco Raymundo and his son tried to cross into the United States but were deported. The family sold their home to pay for the journey.

BY RACHAEL BADE

AND KAROUN DEMIRJIAN

Republicans have complained

for weeks about the secret House

impeachment inquiry, accusing

Democrats of rigging the process

and interviewing witnesses be-

hind closed doors — at one point

storming the hearing room and

chanting, “Let us in!”

But inside the secure room in

the Capitol basement where the

proceedings are taking place, Re-

publicans have used their time to

complain that testimony has be-

come public, going after their

colleagues who were quoted in

media reports commenting on

witness appearances, and quiz-

zing witnesses themselves on

how their statements had been

released.

The efforts by GOP lawmakers

to shape the Democrats’ inquiry

emerged in full view for the first

time Monday with the release of

hundreds of pages of transcripts

from two early witnesses: Marie

Yovanovitch, former U.S. ambas-

sador to Ukraine, and Michael

McKinley, a former senior advis-

er to Secretary of State Mike

Pompeo.

At one point, GOP lawmakers

held up the questioning of

McKinley to complain about a

fellow lawmaker, Rep. Gerald E.

Connolly (D-Va.), who had made

SEE IMPEACHMENT ON A

Transcripts show GOP

efforts to shape inquiry

BY KEVIN SIEFF

nebaj, guatemala — The
winding roads into the valley of
Nebaj are lined with advertise-
ments for cheap loans. Banks and
cooperatives and microfinance
operations make their pitches:
“Credit in three days.” “Funding
for your small business.” “We’ve
lowered our interest rates!”
U.S. officials have long touted
the power of finance to lift people
out of poverty — and backed
loans to farmers and small-
business owners across the devel-
oping world. But here in the Gua-
temala Highlands, the epicenter
of the country’s migrant exodus,

those loans often fund a different

activity, the region’s most profit-

able: smuggling migrants north

to the United States.

Over the past nine months, the

number of Guatemalans who

have reached the U.S. border has

swelled to more than 250,000.

They include many of the coun-

try’s poorest people — subsis-

tence farmers who have some-

how managed to scrape together

up to $12,000 to fund the journey

north.

What enables those payments

is a vast system of credit that

includes financial institutions set

up and supported by the United

States and the World Bank, part

of the global boom in micro -

finance over the past two de-

cades. The U.S. government and

the World Bank have each ex-

tended tens of millions of dollars

in funding and loan guarantees,

money that helped create what is

now Guatemala’s biggest micro -

finance organization, Fundación

Génesis Empresarial, and backed

one of its largest banks, Banrural.

But in Nebaj and communities

like it around the country, those

financial institutions now serve

Guatemalans eager to migrate.

Access to credit has helped

make this Central American na-

tion the largest single source of

SEE GUATEMALA ON A

Financing the migrant debt cycle

Some U.S. aid intended for business loans is fueling desperate journeys north

Source: U.S. Border Patrol

THE WASHINGTON POST

*Through August

The Guatemalan surge

The number of Guatemalans

apprehended at the southern U.S.

border climbed more than 15-fold in

the past decade.

16,

200,

100,

258,

0

FY2010 FY2019*

BY HOLLY BAILEY

AND AMY B WANG

des moines — Pete Buttigieg’s

presidential campaign scheduled

a rally here on a recent Saturday

night, setting up a choice for

local Democrats: see the mayor

of South Bend, Ind., or watch a

nationally televised Iowa

Hawkeyes football game.

More than 700 people turned

out — and stood for hours in

occasional drizzle and frigid tem-

peratures to hear Buttigieg speak

from a small stage on Roosevelt

High School’s front lawn.

“A big football game and lousy

weather, and he gets 700 people?

Things like that just don’t hap-

pen,” said Matt Paul, a local

SEE BUTTIGIEG ON A

Buttigieg

recalibrates

toward

the middle

BY LAURA REILEY

cranbury, n.j. — Marie Wright
dips four long strips of paper, the
kind you’d sniff a perfume sam-
ple from in Sephora, into bottles
of clear liquid marked Methyl
Cinnamate, Ethyl Butyrate, y-de-
calactone and Furaneol. She
holds the four strips together
and wafts them, fanlike, under
her nose. Suddenly, the lab
smells of strawberries.
Wright is the vice president
and chief global flavorist for
Archer Daniels Midland, one of
the world’s largest food proces-
sors and suppliers. She’s a former
French perfume industry chem-

ist who has created more than

1,000 individual flavors for ma-

jor food and beverage compa-

nies, and she’s now facing one of

the biggest challenges of her

career.

Consumers are seduced and

beguiled by flavorists without

even being aware of it. Flavorists

are the people who tinker with

nacho cheese dust, Hot Pockets

and pumpkin spice lattes. They

are the tastemakers, driving con-

sumer trends and making food

craveable.

Wright and the planet’s 200 or

so other flavorists are bringing

their alchemy to plant-based

meat. It’s the biggest craze the

food industry has seen in a long

time, driven by concerns about

climate change, animal welfare

and human health. It is still

dwarfed by the $49 billion beef

industry; however, the Swiss in-

vestment firm UBS predicts

SEE FLAVORISTS ON A

Plant-based meat craze relies

on the magic of ‘flavorists’

As firms look to cash in,

they turn to the chemists

who know what we crave

BY GREG MILLER,

KAROUN DEMIRJIAN

AND DEVLIN BARRETT

The former U.S. ambassador to

Ukraine testified that she was the

target of a shadow campaign to

orchestrate her removal that in-

volved President Trump’s person-

al attorney and Ukrainian officials

suspected of fostering corruption,

according to a transcript of her

testimony released Monday by

House impeachment investiga-

tors.

In one of the most gripping

passages of her testimony, which

took place Oct. 11, Marie Yovano-

vitch said that she remained wor-

ried that she would be a target of

retaliation by Trump, who re-

ferred to her in his July 25 phone

call with Ukraine’s president as

“bad news” and someone who was

“going to go through some things.”

“I was very concerned” upon

reading Trump’s words when the

rough transcript of the call was

released, Yovanovitch testified. “I

still am.” Asked whether she felt

threatened, she replied, “Yes.”

The transcript of Yovanovitch’s

testimony is the first in a wave of

witness statements scheduled to

be released in the coming days,

opening a new phase of the im-

peachment inquiry that is also ex-

SEE TRANSCRIPTS ON A

Ex-ambassador

details worry after

Trump comments

YOVANOVITCH SAID SHE FELT THREATENED

Testimony cites Giuliani’s role in campaign to oust her

TONI L. SANDYS/THE WASHINGTON POST

Nationals visit the White House

Pitcher Stephen Strasburg speaks as the World Series champs are honored by President Trump.

Several players did not attend the ceremony, but others appreciated the opportunity. Story, D

New lawsuit: Trump accuser says

the president defamed her. A

Willing witness: Giuliani associate

open to probe role, lawyer says. A