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SAILING CHART
Nautical maps of coastal
or ocean areas are called
charts. They include information
about tides, currents, depths,
potential hazards, and features
of the seabed. Sailors carry these
charts on board their ships to
help with marine navigation.PHYSICAL MAP
Permanent natural features
are depicted on physical maps.
Deserts, mountains, lakes, rivers,
and oceans are identified, as well
as the contrast between high and
low land. Some physical maps go
into more detail, pointing out
land use and soil type.POLITICAL MAP
National and state borders
are shown on political maps.
Contrasting colours highlight
different countries, so the legal
boundaries stand out more
clearly. To aid understanding,
major cities, rivers, seas, and
oceans are also labelled.ROAD MAP
This visual aid for road-users is
the most commonly used map of
all. Covering a much larger area
than a street map, road maps
use different colours and lines
to represent motorways, main
roads, and country routes.GEOLOGICAL MAP
Different rock types are coded
by colour on geological maps.
Geologists study these maps
to determine the location of
minerals and oils, while structural
engineers ensure rock types suit
their construction plans before
laying foundations.208-209_Maps.indd 209 03/01/19 12:11 PM