DK - World War II Map by Map

134 THE WIDENING WAR 1942

Copenhagen

B

E

LG

IU

M

Bucharest

Budapest

Vienna

Berlin

Prague

Brussels

Amsterdam

Riga

Vilnius

Kiev

Bratislava

Nikolayev

Westerbork Neuengamme

Bergen-Belsen

Mittelbau-Dora

'S-Hertogenbosch

Buchenwald

Plaszow

Bar

Edineti

Balanivka

Ananyiv

Mechelen

Natzweiler

Flossenbürg

Nuremberg

Dachau

Mauthausen

Danica

Stara

Gradiska

Jadovno

Jasenovac

Djakovo

Tasmajdan

Sajmiste

Ravensbrück

Sachsenhausen

Stutthof

Sachsenburg

Gross-

Rosen

London

Bozen

Theresienstadt

Lwow

Lublin

Sosnowiec

Czestochowa

Krakow

Lodz

Warsaw

Bialystok Minsk

Zagreb

Drancy

Fossoli Belgrade

Belzec

Majdanek

Sobibor

Auschwitz-

Birkenau

Treblinka

Jungfernhof

Maly

Trostinets

Chelmno

Kaunas

Ponary

Kharkov

Odessa

Kaiserwald

Jassy

Poltava

Novoukrainka

Pervomaisk

Smolensk

Pskov

Novoselye

Mezhno

Kikerino

Lindemannstadt

Zhitomir

Starobilsk

Moscow

Piatra Neamț

UNITED

KINGDOM

FORMER

POLAND

GREATER

GERMANY

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TURKEY
Locations of Einsatzgruppen
Sites of mass killings
GHETTOS AND KILLINGS 1939–1942
The plight of the Jews worsened with the outbreak
of war. Many were sent to ghettos in Poland—
gathering places for eventual deportation. Jewish
populations were rounded up in France, Belgium,
the Netherlands, and the former Yugoslavia (where
many were massacred). The worst mass killings
took place during the invasion of the Soviet Union,
when specially-appointed SS Einsatzgruppen are
thought to have killed almost 500,000 people.
ANTI-SEMITISM AND THE LAW 1933–1938 2
Hitler put his anti-Semitism into practice when the Nazi
Party came to power in 1933. In April 1933, Jewish
shops and businesses were subject to a boycott. Soon,
Jews were disbarred from the civil service, practicing
law, and owning farms. In 1935, new laws denied Jews
citizenship and criminalized sexual relationships
between Jews and ethnic Germans. Then, in 1938, the
assassination of a Nazi diplomat was used as the excuse
for Kristallnacht (see pp.30–31), a pogrom that saw the
destruction of Jewish-owned shops and synagogues.
1
First concentration
camp
Concentration camps
WAVES OF PERSECUTION
The organized and systematic persecution of Jews and other minorities
began in Germany, but expanded with the Nazi advances between 1940
and 1942. The most murderous phase took place in 1942 and 1943.
1930 1935 1940 1945 1950
1
2
3
4
TIMELINE
Wannsee meeting
Extermination camps
THE DEATH CAMPS 1942–1945
Nazi leaders sought a “final solution to the Jewish
question in Europe.” It was agreed by leading Nazi
officials in a meeting in Wannsee, Berlin, in January

1942. By the spring of 1942, freight trains were
      carrying Jews from the ghettos to camps in the
      east. The most lethal were the six purpose-built
      death camps—Chelmno, Auschwitz-Birkenau,
      Belzec, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka—in
      occupied Poland.

3

Apr 15, 1945

British forces

liberate the

Bergen-Belsen

death camp.

Aug 4, 1944 Anne

Frank becomes one

of 100,000 Dutch

Jews sent to the

death camps.

Mar 27, 1942

France’s occupation

authorities begin

deporting 65,000 French

Jews through Drancy.

Sep 15, 1935

The Reichstag passes

anti-Jewish laws.

Jan 25, 1945 25,000

prisoners die at the

hands of the SS during

the evacuation of the

Stutthof camp.

Jun 25–29, 1941 An

estimated 4,000 Jews

are massacred in

Kaunas, Lithuania,

following the German

occupation of the city.

Oct 18, 1939 The first

Jewish deportees are

sent to the Lublin

Reservation camp.

Sep 12, 1942

The Nazi authorities

complete the deportation

of 265,000 Jews from the

Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka.

KEY

Greater Germany, Nov 1942

Axis-controlled territory

Allied territory

Ghettos

US_134-135_The_Holocaust.indd 134 20/03/19 3:55 PM