DK - World War II Map by Map

◁ War children

This poster from 1917 asks “Have you room

in your hearts for us?,” appealing on behalf

of the many thousands of French children

left fatherless by World War I. The scale of

the casualties had far-reaching implications

in the combatants’ home countries.^1920 Russia

recognizes Finnish

independence in

the Treaty of Tartu.

1919 The former German city

of Danzig becomes a Free City

under the League of Nations.

1919 Greece occupies

Smyrna, leading to war

with Turkey until 1922.

1920 Poland

annexes Wilno

from Lithuania,

which it gains by

plebiscite in 1922.

1920 Teschen

is partitioned

between Poland

and Czechoslovakia.

1918 Bessarabia is

added to Romania.

1920–

Greeks occupy

Eastern Thrace.

1918 The Kingdom

of the Serbs, Croats, and

Slovenes is created from the

Austro-Hungarian empire and

Serbia; it is renamed Yugoslavia in 1929.

1919 The Treaty

of St.-Germain

sets new borders

for Austria.

1920 The Treaty of

Trianon settles new

borders for Hungary.

1920 A peace

treaty is signed

between Russia

and Lithuania.

1921 Russia

recognizes

Latvian

independence

under the

Treaty of Riga.

1921 After a Russian defeat outside

Warsaw, Poland and Russia reach

agreement on their common border.

1920 Estonia is liberated

from Russia following a

short war of independence.

1922 Ireland is divided

between a mainly Catholic

Free State and a mainly

Protestant six-county

entity in the north.

1916 Irish Republicans

launch the Easter

Rising in Dublin

against British rule.

1923–1925 French and

Belgian troops occupy

the Ruhr after Germany

fails to pay reparations.

1919 Alsace-Lorraine

returns to France after

48 years of German rule.

1925 Greece

and Bulgaria are

in conflict over

Macedonia.

1919 Saarland is

placed under League of

Nations mandate until

reunited with Germany

by plebiscite in 1935.

1919 Rhineland is

demilitarized until 1936.

6 EUROPE IN DISPUTE 1919–

The treaties that ended the war in Europe

attempted to resolve many outstanding

territorial disputes. Most involved returning

lands lost in previous wars or addressing the

issues of ethnic groups living on the “wrong” side

of a new border. Plebiscites—public referendums—

were called to allow local people the final say on

their future government.

Areas of dispute Plebiscites held

THE BREAKUP OF THE

GERMAN EMPIRE 1918–

At the end of the war, Kaiser Wilhelm II fled to the

Netherlands, and Germany became a republic. The

Treaty of Versailles in 1919 imposed punitive terms

on Germany. Land was lost to Denmark, Belgium,

France, and Poland; its empire was removed, its

armed forces reduced, and its fleet confiscated.

Germany was also made to pay war reparations.

4

German border, 1918

Areas under League

of Nations High

Commissioners

Ruhr under armed

occupation

Demilitarized

Rhineland

THE NEW TURKEY 1919–

Following an armistice with Ottoman Turkey in

October 1918, the victorious Allies sought to

partition the country in the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres.

Turkish Nationalists under Mustafa Kemal rejected

the treaty and gradually expelled the occupying

Greek, Armenian, and French armies by 1922.

The Ottoman sultanate was abolished and the

new republic recognized by the 1923 Treaty of

Lausanne, which approved Turkey’s new borders.

5

Turkey after

Treaty of Sèvres

Annexed by Turkey, 1921

Land restored to

Turkey after Treaty

of Lausanne, 1923

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Dublin
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