DK - The American Civil War

■^ FORT SUMTER

The South’s Challenge
The industrialized economy of the North. The
South’s agrarian economy and larger land area.
Railroads North and South. King Cotton.

■^ UNION AND CONFEDERATE FLAGS

Raising Armies
Military enthusiasm on both sides. Untried
armies. Lack of trained officers and men.
Shortages of equipment and supplies.

The First Battle of Bull Run
Struggle for key railroad junction at Manassas.
Confederates capture Henry Hill. Union troops
retreat in disorder. Confederacy gains credibility.

■^ FIRST ENCOUNTER

Organizing for the Fight
Mobilization continues. Organization and
discipline improve for the armies of both sides.
Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan.

■^ GEORGE B. MCCLELLAN

The Sinews of War
The North’s faltering start. A corrupt War
Department. Problems of supplying an army
of invasion. The South’s supply problems.

Missouri and Kentucky
Violent struggles in Missouri, which remains in
the Union. Problems in the border states.
Kentucky, initially neutral, joins the Union.

Blockading the South
Northern blockade. Small size of Federal navy.
Impact on South’s exports. Capturing
Confederate ports. The role of Britain.

Courting European Allies
King Cotton and British textile industry. Britain
neutral but gives Confederacy belligerent status.
The Trent affair. Confederate commerce raiders.

CLASH OF ARMIES

1862

Introduction

Timeline

Soldiers in Gray

Courageous but outnumbered and poorly

supplied. Turning civilians into soldiers. Disease

and discipline problems. One million soldiers.

■^ CONFEDERATE UNIFORMS

Soldiers in Blue

Numerical superiority. Diversity within the army.

Mixed motivations for fighting—volunteers and

substitutes. Enforcing order among the men. A

terrible cost: one in four dead or injured.

■^ UNION UNIFORMS

Fighting on Foot

Outmoded infantry tactics. New weapon—the

rifle musket. Changing tactics to suit American

terrain. Advantages and disadvantates of the

frontal assault. The value of maneuverability.

The Battle of Hampton Roads

Attempt to break the Union blockade. The

world’s first battle between steam-powered

ironclads. USS Monitor. Stalemate in the Roads.

The Fall of New Orleans

Farragut plans a naval operation. Bold nighttime

attack upriver past Confederate forts. Union

forces take the city. A hostile population.

■^ DAVID FARRAGUT

Action on the Mississippi River

Creating a Union river fleet. Overcoming

Confederate strongpoints. Confederacy wins

Battle of Plum Point Bend. Memphis falls.

■^ CSS ARKANSAS RUNS THROUGH

THE UNION FLEET

Grant takes Forts Henry

and Donelson

Fort Henry falls after naval bombardment. Grant

heads for Fort Donelson. Union vessels disabled.

Fort Henry falls to Grant. 12,000 prisoners taken.

The Battle of Shiloh

Surprise attack by the Confederates on Grant’s

army. Union counterattack and Confederate

retreat. 20,000 dead and wounded.

■^ THE HORNET’S NEST AT SHILOH

Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley

Diversionary action by small Confederate force.

Jackson’s rapid maneuvers divert Union forces

from Richmond. Battle of Winchester.

■^ THOMAS J. JACKSON

■^ RIFLES AND MUSKETS

The Peninsula Campaign

Union troops arrive by sea and advance up the

Peninsula toward Richmond. McClellan

hesitates. Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks).

The Seven Days Battles

Battles at Gaines’ Mill, Malvern Hill. Robert E.

Lee saves Richmond. McClellan withdraws.

The Second Battle of Bull Run

Lee’s offensive. Manassas Junction. Fighting at

Bull Run. Battle lost but Union army saved.

■^ LONGSTREET’S FLANK ATTACK AT

SECOND BULL RUN

■^ ROBERT E. LEE

Lee Invades Maryland

Confederate desertions. Lee scatters his forces.

Union morale high. The Lost Order. Lee retreats.

Jackson takes Harpers Ferry.

■^ FIELD ARTILLERY

Espionage and Intelligence

Cavalry reconnaissance. Balloons. Secret agents

and spies. Ciphers and codes. Importance of

“black dispatches” from slaves and freedmen.

The Battle of Antietam

Costliest day’s fighting in American history.

Superior Union numbers, ragged Rebels.

McClellan over-cautious. Confederates withdraw.

■^ BURNSIDE’S BRIDGE AT

ANTIETAM

Burnside Takes the Offensive

Attempt on Richmond. Pontoons are used to

bridge the Rappahannock River. The attack on

Marye’s Heights. Union defeat at Fredericksburg.

The Far West

Confederates thrust westward from Texas. Fort

Fillmore surrenders. Confederate Arizona

Territory. Glorieta Pass. Confederates withdraw.

Bragg Invades Kentucky

Bragg’s army enters the state. Kentucky citizens

fail to join it. Battle of Perryville. Bragg pulls back

to Tennessee. Bloody battle at Stones River.

■^ BRAXTON BRAGG

■^ THE BATTLE OF STONES RIVER

Cavalry in the Civil War

Important element for both sides. South initially

superior but North improves. Long-distance

raids and reconnaissance. Fighting on foot.

■^ CAVALRY EQUIPMENT

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FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN BATTLE OF HAMPTON ROADS