Supply, Transportation, and
Logistics
Supply trains of 3,000 wagons, 30 miles (48km)
long, follow an army. Supply problems in the
South. Role of the railroads. Supply depots.
The Valley Campaign
Jubal Early’s march on Washington. Torching of
Chambersburg. Third Battle of Winchester. “The
Burning.” Battle of Cedar Creek. Rebels routed.
■^ PHILIP SHERIDAN
■^ SHERIDAN’S RIDE
The Siege of Petersburg
100 miles (160km) of earthworks. Confederate
line mined. Carnage in the Crater. Loss of
Weldon Railroad. Confederates demoralized.
Siege Artillery and Siege Warfare
Siege of Vicksburg. Siege techniques: regular
approaches, mining, bombardment, siege trains.
Atlanta and Petersburg. The Ketchum grenade.
■^ THE BATTLE OF THE CRATER
Naval Developments
Ironclads, mines, and the first torpedo boats. A
Confederate submarine, the Hunley, sinks the
USS Housatonic, but goes down with all hands.
Confederate Raiders
Southern blockade-runners. Confederate navy
ships attack U.S. commerce at sea. Raphael
Semmes, famous Confederate sea captain.
■^ THE DUEL OF THE ALABAMA^
AND THE KEARSARGE
The Battle of Mobile Bay
Farragut steams past Confederate torpedoes
into the bay. Surrender of CSS Tennessee.
Confederate naval squadron destroyed.
Mississippi Operations
The Union controls the river, but Nathan
Bedford Forrest attacks in Mississippi to the
east, while raiders hit Missouri to the west.
■^ NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST
Sherman’s Advance to Atlanta
A campaign of maneuver. Sherman advances
steadily despite Johnston’s efforts to delay him.
The Battle of Atlanta has many civilian casualties.
Hood evacuates the city on September 1.Sherman’s March to the Sea
Atlanta is in ruins. Sherman marches 300 miles
(480km) to Savannah. Union troops leave a
trail of burning and wanton destruction. Fort
McAllister falls. Savannah surrenders.■^ WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMANFranklin and Nashville
Confederates attack entrenched Union forces at
Franklin and are slaughered. The battle rages all
day. Union troops under George H. Thomas
head for Nashville, where they decisively defeat
the Confederate forces of John Bell Hood.COLLAPSE OF THE
CONFEDERACY
1865
IntroductionTimelineThe Thirteenth Amendment
The Emancipation Proclamation abolishes
slavery only in Confederate states. A
constitutional amendment banning slavery is
ratified. It is adopted in December 1865.The Carolinas and Alabama
Sherman marches to Columbia, South Carolina.
Logistical problems. Burns Columbia. Johnston
tries to delay Sherman. Two-pronged invasion of
Alabama, then into Georgia. Macon falls.The Fall of Petersburg and
Richmond
Trench warfare outside Petersburg. South
outnumbered two to one. Confederate defeat
at Five Forks. Petersburg falls. Jefferson Davis
abandons Richmond. Confederates destroy
arsenal and factories. Richmond in flames.The Appomattox Campaign
Lee’s starving and exhausted men. Clash at
Sayler’s Creek. End comes at the village of
Appomattox Court House. Lee surrenders to
Grant. Terms of surrender more generous
than Lee expected.■^ SURRENDER AT APPOMATTOXThe Assassination of Lincoln
Lincoln’s dream. John Wilkes Booth’s plot. Booth
shoots Lincoln in the head at Ford’s Theatre then
flees. Hunt for conspirators. Death of Booth.
Four conspirators executed, others imprisoned.■^ THE LAST HOURS OF LINCOLNLast Terms of Surrender
Johnston tells Davis that the army will not fight
on. Negotiating the terms of surrender.
Johnston surrenders. Capture of Davis. Last
battle of the war fought at Palmito Ranch.■^ ANDREW JOHNSONLEGACIES OF
THE WAR
1865-
IntroductionTimelineThe Cost of the War
Total deaths—more than 620,000, two-thirds
from disease. The ravaged South. Effects in the
North. Forging a new United States.The Politics of Reconstruction
Johnson’s plan for Reconstruction. The Radical
Republicans. Freedmen’s Bureau. The 1866
Civil Rights Act. Attempt to impeach Johnson.The Reality of Black Freedom
Changed lives of former slaves. Forty acres and
a mule. Sharecropping. African-American
citizenship, voting rights, and education.“Redeeming” the South
Struggles of Southern farmers. The black codes.
The Ku Klux Klan—rise and suppression.
Southern states readmitted to the Union.The End of Reconstruction
Grant’s scandal-racked administration. Economic
problems. North tires of “Southern question.”
Election of 1876. Compromise of 1877.■^ THE TRAVIS PANORAMAThe War Remembered
Northern and Southern perspectives. Veterans’
groups. The “Lost Cause.” Reconciliation and
healing. Battlefields as sacred sites.In Their Footsteps
State by state register of key Civil War
museums, battle sites, and historic places.
The Smithsonian Institution.IndexAcknowledgments264268270272274276278280282284286288290292296298300302304306308310314316318320322324326328330332334338340342344346348350376383WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK AT GETTYSBURG UNION TROOPS IN THE TRENCHES