index • 239Guzmán, Nuño Beltrán de, 83
Habsburgs: European interconnections of, 107;
longevity of rule, 180; Mexico City as hub of
global empire, 3; palace as symbol of, 24; and
Plaza Mayor, 209–210; and viceroy of New
Spain, 2, 13
Hajovsky, Patrick, reconstruction drawing of the
portrait of Moteuczoma II, 70, 70
Halbwachs, Maurice, 14, 174
Hamann, Byron, 220n36
Haskett, Robert, 82
Hassig, Ross, 215n37
Hawks, Henry, 86, 218n45
heart sacrifice, 48
Hernández, Martín, 190
Herrera Zapién, Tarsicio, 218n69, 220n24
Heyden, Doris, 214n19, 216n25
Hidalgo, Miguel, 20
historical narratives, indigenous: and place-
names, 97; and selection of gobernadores,
82–84, 101–102; of Tenochtitlan, 37
Histoyre du Mechique, 45, 48, 49
Holy Week, Catholic festivals of, 94, 95, 96
Honduras, Cortés’s campaign in, 82, 83, 84, 102
Horcasitas, Fernando, 216n25
Hospital de Jesus, 64, 216n52, 217n43
Huanitzin, Diego de Alvarado (r. 1537/1538–
1541): as advisor to Real Audiencia, 100,
218–219n2; in Beinecke Map, 100, 101 , 102,
139, 156, 157; in Codex Aubin, 100, 100 , 139,
156–157; and Cortés’s capture of Olid, 82;
costume of, 100, 111–112, 113; death of, 108,
156; descendants of, 83, 135, 149, 167; election
as gobernador, 102, 219n5; and Gante, 105; as
gobernador, 77, 84, 100, 102–103, 104, 105, 109,
113, 118, 130, 133, 191; in Humboldt Fragment
II, 82 , 83, 100; and idolatry campaign, 106,
219n35; and indigenous pictography, 100 ,
101 , 139; legitimacy of, 84; and The Mass of
Saint Gregory, 103–107, 103 , 113, 114, 119, 160;
patronage of, 24, 114, 210; in Plano Parcial de
la Ciudad de México, 77, 79 ; and San Juan
Moyotlan, 111; and Spanish language, 102;
spatial project for Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 104,
127; tecpan built by, 108, 163, 164
huei tlatoque (great supreme leaders). See tlatoque
(supreme leaders)
Hueytecuilhuitl, feast of, 170
Huitzilan, 64, 216n52
Huitzilopochco (city), 35, 64, 198. See also
Churubusco aqueduct
Huitzilopochtli (hummingbird of the south;
solar deity): battle in Coatepec, 29; battle
with Copil, 31–34, 47, 50; birth of in the
Florentine Codex, 29, 30 , 48, 49, 51, 61; in
Codex Boturini, 26 , 27; and Coyolxauhqui, 29,
30 ; as divine representative of Tenochtitlan,
26, 27–28; dry season associated with, 30;
eagle as sign to Mexica tribal leaders, 1–2, 5,
32, 33, 34, 35, 47; headdress of, 27; and Mexica
migration from Aztlan, 129, 140; Mexica
rulers dressed as, 45, 57, 68; nopal cactus
associated with, 47, 113; sacred bundle of, 29,
66–67, 219n35; temple in Plaza Mayor, 76
Huixachtitlan, hill of, 37
human sacrifice: and Acuecuexco aqueduct, 64,
65; heart sacrifice, 47; sacrificial captives, 48;
and solar deity, 45; at Tepetzinco, 214n19; and
water deities, 23
Humboldt Fragment II, 81, 82 , 83, 100, 159
Humboldt, Alexander von, 210
Hvidtfeldt, Arild, 215n2
hydraulic environment: of pre-Conquest cities,
15; of Tenochtitlan, 23, 27Icarus, 24
idolatry: and “cover” for pre-Hispanic practices,
126; destruction of shrines, 122, 124; and
Gante’s conversion efforts, 119, 121; Gregory
I’s reuse of shrines, 119; idolatry campaign,
67, 107, 122, 211; idolatry trial of 1539, 66; and
memory, 121–122, 123; and mitotes, 186
indigenous communities, as pueblos, 129, 221n5
indigenous peoples: agency of, 180; chinampas
of, 77, 80; Christian conversion of, 114, 116,
174, 175, 178; and cofradías, 173, 174; enduring
presence and practices of, 15; and feast of
San Hipólito, 95; Gregory I’s Sublimus Dei,
104; interactions with Spaniards, 41; Las
Casas as protector of, 105; meat in diet of, 90;
and place-names, 97; post-Conquest use of
chinampas, 77; and processions, 177; Ramírez
de Fuenleal’s protection from abuse, 83;
return to Mexico City, 77, 80; Spanish fears
of uprising, 116; and taxes, 81, 188
Inquisition, 107, 117, 131
Itepotzco, San Pablo, 140
Itzcoatl (r. 1427–1440): election as ruler, 61; and
Ixtapalapa causeway, 37, 38, 53, 64, 71; and
land grants, 159; in Plano Parcial de la Ciudad
de México, 77, 79
Ixhuatepec, San Juan, 159
Ixtapalapa causeway: and Acuecuexco
aqueduct, 64; and Ahuitzotl, 59, 216n67;
and dike of Ahuitzotl, 39, 69; and dike of
Nezahualcoyotl, 39; and Itzcoatl, 37, 38, 53,
64, 71; and markets of Tenochtitlan, 80;
Moteuczoma II’s procession on to greet
Spanish conquistadores, 53, 58, 71, 72; and
Spanish Conquest, 71, 72
Ixtlilxochitl, Fernando de Alva, 37–38
Izcuincuitlapilco (town), 222n54
Iztaccihuatl, 25
Jacobs, Jane, 3
Japanese-inspired folding screens, 2
Jerusalem, 117, 221n41
Jesuits, 178
John the Baptist, Saint, 126, 153–154, 168, 177John the Evangelist, Saint, 126, 168, 221–222n27
Joseph, Saint, 118, 168, 177
Juárez, Benito, 20
Jura of 1557. See Oath of Allegiance of 1557Kartunnen, Frances, 215n18
Kellogg, Susan, 82
Kubler, George: Mexican Architecture of the
Sixteenth Century, 72–73, 73 , 123 , 217n23; on
sacred nature of building activities, 222n67
labor, indigenous: and Chapultepec aqueduct,
203; and encomiendas, 15, 157, 160, 168, 178,
224n46; and indigenous gobernadores, 15, 110,
113, 157–158, 200; legal system for appeals of,
158–160, 222n47; and Oath of Allegiance of
1557, 180; and San Lázaro dike, 199–202, 201 ;
and tecpan in Codex Osuna, 109 , 111, 165, 167;
viceregal requests for, 127, 168
La Concepción convent, 97, 108, 177
La Encarnación convent, 177
Laguna of Mexico: and Acuecuexco aqueduct,
69; and causeways, 37; and Chapultepec,
30, 63; dikes sealing off, 35, 36 , 37, 38, 39, 52,
196–197; as freshwater zone, 35, 37, 38, 52,
64, 127, 193; irrigation water from, 117; Map
showing proposal to fill lake, 194, 195 , 196; and
post-Conquest drought, 75, 196; and Tianguis
of Mexico, 80
Lake Chalco, 35, 39, 41
Lake Tetzcoco: drainage patterns of, 33, 35, 37,
38, 39, 52, 75, 196, 200; and hill of Tepetzinco,
31; representation of water of, 34; salt water
of, 23, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 52, 196; and
Tenochtitlan, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 38, 210; and
wars of Spanish Conquest, 75
Lake Xaltocan, 196
Lake Xochimilco, 35, 39, 41
Lake Zumpango, 196
lands, indigenous, protection of, 93–94
Lara, Jaime, 117
Las Vizcaínas, 88, 208
Latin language, and Valadés, 119, 120
Lefebvre, Henri: conceptual triad in analysis
of space, 11–13, 116, 211; on representational
spaces, 11–12, 213n22; on representations
of space, 11–12, 13, 28, 29, 213n22; on social
construction of space, 10, 14; on spatial
practice, 11, 12, 169, 213n22
Liberal Reform Laws, 117
lived spaces: and commemorative rituals, 14;
continuities of Mexico-Tenochtitlan and
Mexico City, 17, 18; diachronic nature of,
14, 116, 211; and indigenous presence, 15,
17, 211; and individual memory, 14–15; and
intersection of spatial spheres, 59; Lefebvre
on, 11–12, 13; in Map of Santa Cruz, 39–42;
and Mexica rulers’ use of architecture, 31,
58; of Mexico City, 18, 24, 73, 82, 94, 95, 96;
of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, 18, 24, 99–100, 116;