244 • The deaTh of azTec TenochTiTLan, The Life of mexico ciTy
state: early modern ideas of, 3; Foucault on, 11
Street signs, 14, 14 , 96
Sublimus Dei (1537), 104
Tacuba (city), 131
Tacuba causeway: and ahuehuetl trees, 124; and
Chapultepec aqueduct, 163, 191, 197, 198; as
east-west axis, 86, 175, 179; and feast of San
Hipólito, 168, 176, 179, 224n52; and freshwater
supply, 196; and markets, 80; and processions,
95; and Ribadeneyra, 97; widening of, 194. See
also Tlacopan causeway
Tapia, Hernando de, 83, 102, 110, 126, 219n8,
223n43
Tarascan language, 119
tecpan of Mexico-Tenochtitlan (palace of
indigenous government): architecture of,
110, 111, 112, 113, 167; banner showing list
of indigenous rulers, 113, 207, 210, 220n53;
building of, 99, 108, 109, 110, 113, 187, 207,
219n39; and Chapultepec aqueduct, 204, 205;
in Codex Osuna, 109–110, 109 , 111, 125, 127,
163–164, 165, 167; destruction of, 208, 210–211;
disk pattern of, 193, 207; and elites versus
commoners, 187; façade of, 182; featherworks
in, 186; ideological valence of, 111, 165; and
image of ruler, 108–113, 166; interior spaces
of, 167; in Map of Tianguis of Mexico, 89,
89 , 108, 206, 207; in Plano de la Ciudad de
México, 88 , 109; and processions, 175, 179,
187; and religious festivals, 170; and riot over
tribute system reform, 188, 189; site of, 108,
109, 112–113; and Tianguis of Mexico, 85, 86,
93, 99, 108, 110, 127, 206, 207
tecpan of Santiago Tlatelolco, 110, 110 , 167,
222n67
Tecuilhuitontli, feast of, 170
Tehuantepec, conquest of, 56, 59
Tehuetzquititzin, Diego de San Francisco
(r. 1541–1554): in Beinecke Map, 101 , 102, 156,
157; in Codex Aubin, 100, 100 , 139, 156–157;
and Cortés’s capture of Olid, 82; death of,
178; as gobernador, 77, 149, 156–160, 164, 185,
193, 200, 206; Esteban de Guzmán’s residencia
investigation of, 160; in Humboldt Fragment
II, 82 , 83; juicio de residencia of, 149, 156; and
place-names, 24, 149; in Plano Parcial de la
Ciudad de México, 77, 79 ; and tribute goods,
149, 200
Teicniuh, Miguel, 188
teixiptla: and Acuecuexco aqueduct, 66; and
agency, 61, 66, 67, 69, 71; Ahuitzotl as
teixiptla of Chalchiuhtlicue, 67–68, 69; of
Chalchiuhtlicue, 66, 67–68; performances
of, 53, 215n2; pluralistic nature of, 71; of Xipe
To t e c , 7 1
Tejada, Lorenzo de, 88, 97, 157–158, 198
Teloloapan, conquest of, 59
Tembleque, Francisco de, 202
Temple of Yopico, 58, 71
Templo Mayor: agency of, 31, 60; and altepetl
concept, 15, 51, 205, 207; and axes, 127; cached
offerings in, 61; as ceremonial center, 18, 57, 58,
207; and Chalchiuhtlicue, 42, 51; Coatepantli
of, 110; as Coatepec in miniature, 29, 49, 61; in
Covarrubias’s View of the Valley of Mexico, 29;
and Coyolxauhqui, 48; Franciscans building
on ruins of, 113; and Huitzilopochtli, 30; lived
space of, 29, 30; in Map of Tenochtitlan from
Cortés’s Second Letter, 17 , 18; as microcosm
of larger cosmic order, 50–51; Monastery
of San Francisco replacing, 118; pools of, 51;
post-Conquest destruction of, 50; shrines
of, 58; solar alignment of, 30; and Teocalli of
Sacred Warfare, 45–46, 51; and Tlaloc, 30,
42, 43, 76
Tena, Rafael, 15, 175
Tenoch (tribal leader), 5, 7, 37, 107
Tenochtitlan: Aztlan as model of, 27–28, 31, 32,
113, 210; canals of, 17 , 23, 28, 34, 38, 39, 41, 53,
55, 61, 64, 65, 66, 70, 72, 75, 77, 80, 84, 193,
194, 197, 216n35; central ceremonial precinct,
17–18, 17 , 25, 29, 57, 58, 123; clans of, 58; as
complex altepetl, 18, 24, 26, 37, 38, 57, 60, 135;
Covarrubias’s View of the Valley of Mexico,
25, 25 , 28; creation of, 26, 27–28; death of,
1, 2–3, 7, 8, 9, 15, 24, 72, 210, 211; erasure of
indigenous Tenochtitlan, 18, 24, 116, 123, 211;
floods of, 23, 28, 33, 38, 39, 43, 45, 69, 75, 194;
foundation in Codex Mendoza, 4–5, 4 , 7,
8, 11, 32, 34, 35, 37, 46–47, 48, 49, 51, 107, 111;
freshwater of, 33–34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 52, 53,
71, 75; glyph for, 5, 47, 65, 131, 135, 151, 165,
180, 193; and histories of Spanish Conquest,
72; hydraulic environment of, 23, 27, 50;
indigenous government of, 18; indigenous
Tenochtitlan’s endurance, 3, 18; lived spaces
of, 15, 26, 27, 29, 31, 35, 41, 52; looting during
Spanish Conquest, 72; Map of pre-Hispanic
Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco, 16 , 17, 38, 51,
57, 58, 61, 69; Map of Tenochtitlan from
Cortés’s Second Letter, 17–18, 17 , 28, 39, 58,
61, 105–106; markets of, 55, 80; meaning
in Nahuatl language, 1–2; monumental
architecture of, 30; mountains surrounding,
25–26, 28, 31; naming of, 37; place-names
of, 48–49; population of, 35, 64, 80, 215n37;
primordial landscape of, 50; quadripartite
sociopolitical arrangement of, 18, 57, 58, 107,
118; and representations of space, 24, 27, 33,
39–40, 41, 45, 211; salt lake surrounding, 23;
sixteenth-century population of, 1; as space,
10; Spanish siege of, 72, 75, 98, 102; specialized
trades in, 52; survival of built environment,
9, 18; temples of, 17, 25–26, 60, 124–125, 128,
220–221n38; tributary regions of, 37; and
Triple Alliance of 1428, 20, 37; water control
in, 27, 34–35, 37–41, 43, 48, 53, 71, 75–77, 189,
194, 196, 210. See also Mexico City; Mexico-
Tenochtitlan (indigenous ring city)Teocalli of Sacred Warfare: and cosmic template,
50, 52; in foundation of Spanish royal palace,
77; and glyph of Tenochtitlan, 47, 65, 131;
imagery of, 45-51, 46 , 47 , 69; location of,
69–70, 216n70; as replica of Templo Mayor,
46–47, 51
teocallis (temples), 28, 57, 124–125, 220–221n38
Teopan: as altepetl, 18, 57, 58, 73, 128. See also San
Pablo Teopan
Teotihuacan, pilgrimages to, 58
teotl: and Acuecuexco aqueduct, 65–66; and
agency, 60–61, 69, 71; of Chalchiuhtlicue, 65,
66; concept of, 28, 53, 60–61, 69; pluralism
of, 42
Tepanec, 37, 52, 61
Tepetzinco: as altepetl model, 51, 61; battle of
Huitzilopochtli and Copil, 31–32; hot springs
of, 58; human sacrifice at, 214n19; and tales of
Mexica migration, 50
Tepeyacac causeway, 37–39, 40, 58, 69
Tepi, Ana, 139, 139 , 140
Tetzcoco: as altepetl, 51, 135; as “ciudad,” 131;
Gante living in, 220n14; Nezahualcoyotl as
ruler of, 37, 38, 55, 106; and Triple Alliance
of 1428, 20, 37, 61; and wars of Spanish
Conquest, 75. See also Lake Tetzcoco
Tetzcotzinco, as altepetl model, 62, 175
Tezcatlipoca (creator deity): dismemberment
of, 45; Mexica rulers as vessels of, 57; Mexica
rulers dressed as, 68
Tezozomoc (Azcapotzalco ruler), 61
Tezozomoc, Fernando de Alvarado, 83, 135, 187
Tianguis de Juan Velázquez, 80, 81, 85, 217n23
Tianguis de San Juan, 85, 218n46. See also
Tianguis of Mexico
Tianguis de San Lázaro, 217n43
tianguises (markets): and canals, 35, 84; and
Chapultepec aqueduct, 191; closing for
processions, 175, 223n31; and collective
identification, 156; continuities with pre-
Conquest markets, 73, 75; domestication
of foreign goods, 82, 93; as essential to
survival of city, 80, 98; and foodstuffs, 85,
86; freshwater as commodity of, 80; as
indigenous space, 93, 94; lived spaces of, 73;
and north-south axis, 127; and relations of
center to periphery, 86; structure of, 80; tax
collection on marketed goods, 81; tianguis
land used to repay communal debt, 157–158;
Tlacotzin’s re-creation of, 99, 127; water
supply of, 191
Tianguis of Mexico: accessibility of San
Juan Moyotlan, 127; and axes, 86, 88;
Carvallo’s Map, 86, 87 , 88, 89, 204, 206;
and Chapultepec aqueduct, 204–205; and
collective identification, 156; contested space
of, 93–94; court cases concerning, 93, 94;
daily operation of, 86, 88, 218n46; diagram of,
88, 89, 90, 90 , 206, 207; and Espinosa’s and
Alvarez’s Plano de la Ciudad de México, 88,