Notes 6 -hundred-and-froze-to-death/; Shirley Wajda, “Eighteen-Hundred-and-
Froze-to-Death: 8 6 , The Year without a Summer,” Connecticut History, http:
//connecticuthistory.org/eighteen-hundred-and-froze-to-death- 8 6 -the
-year-without-a-summer/; “Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death: The Year
There Was No Summer,” The Weather Doctor, http://www.islandnet.com/~see
/weather/history/ 8 6 .htm. All accessed November 3 , 0 7.
. Red River Valley: Economic Research Service (ERS), Chronology
Landmarks in American Agriculture, AIB- 4 , 990 , 9 , https://naldc.nal.usda
.gov/download/CAT 9 949 7 /PDF; J. R. Parker, “Grasshoppers,” in the Year-
book of Agriculture 1952 (Washington, DC: United States Government Print-
ing Office, 9 ), 9 – 604 , https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND 0000 49
/PDF.
6. “hell from above”: Chuck Lyons, “ 874 : The Year of the Locust,”
HISTORYNET, February , 0 7 , http://www.historynet.com/ 874 -the-year-
of-the-locust.htm; Chris Bennett, “Locust Swarms Bring Back Past for US
Farmers,” Western Farm Press (blog), March 7 , 0 3 , http://westernfarmpress.
com/blog/locust-swarms-bring-back-past-us-farmers.
7. “everything but the mortgage”: Lyons, “ 874 ”; Bennett, “Locust.”
8. largest swarm ever recorded: Carol Yoon, “Looking Back at the Days
of the Locust,” New York Times, April 3 , 00 , http://www.nytimes.com/ 00
/ 04 / 3 /science/looking-back-at-the-days-of-the-locust.html.
9. Fungi appeared in fruit orchards: Murray Benedict, Farm Policies
of The United States, 1790 – 1950 : A Study of Their Origins and Development
(New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 9 3 ), 6.
30. Boll weevil showed up: Ibid.
3 . Seven of every ten acres planted: National Agricultural Statistics
Service (NASS), “Crop Production 0 6 Summary,” January 0 7 , 00 , http:
//usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/CropProdSu// 0 0 s/ 0 7 /CropProd
Su- 0 -- 0 7 .pdf; Lance Honig, “Principal Crops Planted Acreage,” in “Crop
Production—Annual Grain Stocks, Rice Stocks, Cotton Ginnings, Winter
Wheat and Canola Seedings, January Crop Production Executive Summary,”
NASS, January , 0 8 , 3 , https://www.nass.usda.gov/Newsroom/Executive
_Briefings/ 0 8 / 0 -- 0 8 .pdf.
3 . 92 percent of all meat consumed: ERS, “Red Meat, Poultry, and Fish,
970 to 0 ” in CSV format, in “Food Availability (Per Capita) Data Sys-
tem,” last modified July 6 , 0 7 , https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/DataFiles
/ 047 /redmeat.csv?v= 4 94 .
33. Some fifty thousand pesticides: Eric Jorgensen, ed., The Poisoned
Well: New Strategies for Groundwater Protection (Washington, DC: Island
Press, 989 ), 3 , cited in: Andrew Smith, Food in America: The Past, Present,