Notes 79. declining productivity gains in major crops: Julian Alston, Jason
Beddow, and Philip Pardey, “Agricultural Research, Productivity, and Food
Prices in the Long Run,” Science 3 , no. 94 (September 009 ): 09 – 0 ,
http://doi.org/ 0 . 6 /science. 704 .
6. Rachel Carson has been under attack by revisionists: Naomi Oreskes
and Erik Conway, Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured
the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (New York: Blooms-
bury Press, 0 0 ).
7. 98 percent of climate scientists: William Anderegg et al., “Expert
Credibility in Climate Change,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ences 07 , no. 7 ( July 0 0 ): 07 – 9 , http://www.pnas.org/content/ 07 / 7 / 07
.full.pdf.
8. Despite its glaring errors: John Bohannon, “Who’s Afraid of Peer Re-
view?” Science 34 , no. 6 4 (October 0 3 ): 60 – 6 , http://doi.org/ 0 . 6 /science
. 34 . 6 4. 60.
9. wide use of antibiotics in animal feeds: US General Accounting
Office, “Food and Drug Administration’s Regulation of Antibiotics Used in
Animal Feeds,” September 9 , 977 , http://www.gao.gov/assets/ 00 / 98 36 .pdf.
60. Great Britain had already banned: Ibid.
6 . Today, 80 percent of all antibiotics consumed: Tracy Pham, “Drug
Use Review,” US Food & Drug Administration, April , 0 , , http://www
.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/UCM
3 943 .pdf; FDA, “ 0 3 Summary Report on Antimicrobials Sold or Distrib-
uted for Use in Food-Producing Animals,” April 0 , 39 , http://www.fda
.gov/downloads/ForIndustry/UserFees/AnimalDrugUserFeeActADUFA
/UCM 440 84 .pdf.
6 . purging scientists from its Scientific Board: Chris Mooney and Juliet
Eilperin, “EPA Just Gave Notice to Dozens of Scientific Advisory Board
Members That Their Time Is Up,” Washington Post, June 0 , 0 7 , https:
//www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/ 0 7 / 06 / 0
/trump-administration-to-decline-to-renew-dozens-of-scientists-for-key
-epa-advisory-board/?utm_term=.fa 83 cf 0 ce 3 d; Aria Bendix, “EPA Says
Goodbye to Half Its Scientific Board,” The Atlantic, May 9 , 0 7 , https://www
.theatlantic.com/news/archive/ 0 7 / 0 /epa-dismisses-half-the-scientists
-on-its-review-board/ 909 /.
63. hardly anyone knows anything: Carl Sagan, “Why We Need to Un-
derstand Science,” Skeptical Inquirer 4 , no. 3 (Spring, 990 ), https://www.csi
cop.org/si/show/why_we_need_to_understand_science.
64. argue about the rules of geometry: Steven Shapin, A Social History of
Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Uni-