1887. IRAN AND DUBAI LEAD THE WAY
- Author interview with Saudi energy policy maker on condition of anonymity, Riyadh,
October 16, 2012.
- The UAE’s constitution designates natural resources as the property of the emirate
in which they are found.
- Jim Krane, City of Gold: Dubai and the Dream of Capitalism (New York: St. Martin’s,
2009), 49– 50.
- Priced under $2 per million BTUs.
- In 2008, Dubai signed a fifteen- year LNG supply agreement with Shell and QatarGas
and purchased a floating storage and regasification unit for Jebel Ali port that opened
in 2010.
- This material and much of this section is based on multiple interviews with Dubai
government officials in the energy sector and municipal government who spoke on
condition of anonymity, 2011– 2013.
- Nejib Zaafrani, CEO, Dubai Supreme Council of Energy, author interview, Dubai,
April 14, 2012.
- Nejib Zaafrani, CEO, Dubai Supreme Council of Energy, speech at the Dubai Global
Energy Forum, April 18, 2011, Dubai, quoted by the author.
- A Dubai government interviewee told me in 2012 that the government discussed the
impending increases in a closed- door session with leaders of prominent families.
- Author interviews with Dubai government officials in the energy sector and munici-
pal government who spoke on condition of anonymity, 2011– 2013.
- Comment no. 31 in Zaher Bitar, “Dubai Residents Complain of Hikes in Water, Elec-
tricity Tariffs,” Gulf News, October 19, 2011, http: //gulfnews .com /news /gulf /uae /gov
e r n m e n t / d u b a i - r e s i d e n t s - c o m p l a i n - o f - h i k e s - i n - w a t e r - e l e c t r i c i t y - t a r i ff s - 1. 9 0 3 1 0 1.
- Author telephone interview with UAE government official on condition of anonym-
ity, October 29, 2013.
- Author interview with member of UAE government on condition of anonymity,
Dubai, April 8, 2012.
- In discussing this point during a November 11, 2010, interview with David Scott, exec-
utive director, Economic and Energy Affairs Unit, Abu Dhabi Executive Affairs
Authority, Scott noted that tribal sheikhs required others to participate in guarding
water sources and it was thus more of a community task than simply a source of
patronage.
- Newspaper websites allowing reader comments on stories about the price increases
included some purporting to be from citizens. Most lamented rising prices, an
insufficient quota of free water, and the fact that prices were higher for citizens in
Dubai than for those in other emirates. See, for example, http: //www .emaratalyoum
. c o m / b u s i n e s s / l o c a l / 2 0 1 0 - 1 2 - 0 9 - 1. 3 2 6 9 1 7 , h t t p : / / w w w. a l w a s l u a e. c o m / v b / s h o w t h r e a d
.php ?t=1 5 4 7 6 8 , a n d h t t p : / / w w w. e m a r a t a l y o u m. c o m / l o c a l - s e c t i o n / h o t l i n e / 2 0 1 1 - 1 0
- The most vehement protests, clashes, and government crackdowns in Bahrain and
to a lesser extent Oman took place between February and June 2011.
- Author results from expert elicitation with UAE policy makers, March 2012. Fifteen
of 25 respondents said the Arab Spring events made the government “less willing” to
