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William_T._Bianco,_David_T._Canon]_American_Polit

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    1. Understanding American Politics Part I: Foundations



    • Making Sense of American Government and Politics

    • Why Do We Have a Government?

    • Forms of Government

    • What Is Politics?

    • How It Works: Three Key Ideas for Understanding Politics

    • Politics Is Conflictual

    • Political Process Matters

    • Politics Is Everywhere

    • Sources of Conflict in American Politics

    • Economic Interests

    • Cultural Values

    • Identity Politics: Racial, Gender, and Ethnic Differences

    • Ideology

    • Resolving Conflict: Democracy and American Political Values

    • Democracy

    • Liberty

    • Equality

    • How to Be a Critical Consumer of Politics

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. The Constitution and the Founding



    • The Historical Context of the Constitution

    • The Articles of Confederation: The First Attempt at Government

    • Political Theories of the Framers

    • Economic Interests

    • The Politics of Compromise at the Constitutional Convention

    • Majority Rule versus Minority Rights

    • Small States versus Large States x Contents

    • Legislative Power versus Executive Power

    • National Power versus State and Local Power

    • Slave States versus Nonslave States

    • Ratification

    • The Antifederalists’ Concerns

    • The Federalists’ Strategies

    • The Constitution: A Framework for Government

    • Exclusive Powers

    • How It Works: Checks and Balances

    • Shared Powers

    • Negative or Checking Powers

    • Is the Constitution a “Living” Document?

    • Ambiguity

    • Changing the Constitution

    • Multiple Interpreters

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. Federalism



    • What Is Federalism and Why Does It Matter?

    • Levels of Government and Their Degrees of Autonomy

    • A Comparative Perspective

    • Balancing National and State Power in the Constitution

    • A Strong National Government

    • State Powers and Limits on National Power

    • Clauses that Favor Both Perspectives

    • The Evolving Concept of Federalism

    • The Early Years

    • The Emergence of States’ Rights and Dual Federalism

    • Cooperative Federalism

    • Federalism Today

    • Cooperative Federalism Lives On: Fiscal Federalism

    • How It Works: Versions of Federalism

    • Expanding National Power

    • The States Fight Back

    • Fighting for States’ Rights: The Role of the Modern Supreme Court

    • Assessing Federalism

    • Policy Preferences

    • Advantages of a Strong Role for the States

    • Disadvantages of Too Much State Power

    • Unpacking the Conflict Contents xi

    • Study Guide





    1. Civil Liberties



    • Defining Civil Liberties

    • Balancing Interests

    • Drawing Lines

    • The Origins of Civil Liberties

    • Origins of the Bill of Rights

    • Selective Incorporation and the Fourteenth Amendment

    • How It Works: The First Amendment

    • Freedom of Religion

    • The Establishment Clause and Separation of Church and State

    • The Free Exercise Clause

    • Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and the Press

    • Generally Protected Expression

    • Less Protected Speech and Publications

    • The Right to Bear Arms

    • Law, Order, and the Rights of Criminal Defendants

    • The Fourth Amendment: Unreasonable Searches and Seizures

    • The Fifth Amendment

    • The Sixth Amendment: The Right to Legal Counsel and a Jury Trial

    • The Eighth Amendment: Cruel and Unusual Punishment

    • Privacy Rights

    • Abortion Rights

    • Gay Rights

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. Civil Rights



    • The Context of Civil Rights

    • African Americans

    • Native Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans

    • Women and Civil Rights

    • The LGBTQ Community

    • The Racial Divide Today

    • Discriminatory Treatment

    • Differences in Voting Access

    • Socioeconomic Indicators

    • Criminal Justice and Hate Crimes

      • Key Players in the Conflict Over Civil Rights xii Contents

      • Social Movements

      • The Courts

      • How It Works: Civil Rights

      • Congress

      • The President

      • Civil Rights Issues Today

      • Affirmative Action

      • Multicultural and Immigration Issues

      • Unpacking the Conflict

      • Study Guide







    1. Public Opinion Part II: Politics

      • What Is Public Opinion?

      • Different Kinds of Opinion

      • Where Do Opinions Come From?

      • Socialization: Families, Communities, and Networks

      • Events

      • Group Identity

      • Politicians and Other Political Actors

      • Considerations: The Process of Forming Opinions

      • Measuring Public Opinion

      • A Checklist How It Works: Measuring What a Nation of 330 Million Thinks:

      • Problems in Measuring Public Opinion

      • How Useful Are Surveys?

      • What Americans Think about Politics

      • Ideological Polarization

      • Evaluations of Government and Officeholders

      • Policy Preferences

      • Does Public Opinion Matter?

      • Unpacking the Conflict

      • Study Guide







      1. The Media



      • Political Media Today

      • Historical Overview: How Did We Get Here?

      • Media Sources in the Twenty-First Century

      • Where Do People Get Political Information?



    • the Media Use Politicians? How Do Politicians Use the Media? How Do

    • Politicians’ Media Strategies

    • The Pressures and Legal Limits on Reporters

    • How Do The Media Influence their Audience?

    • How It Works: How News Makes It to the Public

    • Media Bias and Partisanship

    • Filtering and Framing

    • Do the Media Work?

    • Lack of Citizen Interest

    • Market Forces

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. Political Parties



    • Come From? What Are Political Parties and Where Did Today’s Parties

    • History of American Political Parties

    • American Political Parties Today

    • The Party Organization

    • The Party in Government

    • The Party in the Electorate

    • The Role of Political Parties in American Politics

    • Organizing Elections

    • How It Works: Nominating Presidential Candidates

    • Cooperation in Government

    • Minor Parties

    • How Well Do Parties Operate?

    • Recruiting Good Candidates

    • Working Together in Campaigns

    • Working Together in Office

    • Providing Accountability

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. Elections



    • How Do American Elections Work?

    • Functions of Elections

    • Two Stages of Elections

    • Mechanics of Elections

    • Presidential Elections

    • How It Works: The Electoral College

      • Electoral Campaigns xiv Contents

      • The “Fundamentals”

      • Setting the Stage

      • Before the Campaign

      • Primaries and the General Election

      • Campaign Advertising: Getting the Word Out

      • Campaign Finance

      • How Do Voters Decide?

      • Who Votes, and Why?

      • How Do People Vote?

      • Who (Usually) Wins

      • Understanding the 2016 and 2018 Elections

      • The Path to 2018: The 2016 Elections

      • The 2018 Midterms

      • Unpacking the Conflict

      • Study Guide







    1. Interest Groups

      • What Are Interest Groups?

      • The Business of Lobbying

      • Organizational Structures

      • Staff

      • Membership

      • Resources

      • Getting Organized

      • The Logic of Collective Action

      • Interest Group Strategies

      • Inside Strategies

      • Strategies How It Works: Lobbying the Federal Government: Inside and Outside

      • Outside Strategies

      • Choosing Strategies

      • How Much Power Do Interest Groups Have?

      • What Determines When Interest Groups Succeed?

      • Unpacking the Conflict

      • Study Guide





    • Congress Part III: Institutions

      • Congress and the People

      • Congress and the Constitution



    • Congress Represents the People (or Tries To) Contents xv

    • Members of Congress Want to Keep Their Jobs

    • Redistricting Connects Representation and Elections

    • The Responsibility–Responsiveness Dilemma

    • The Structure of Congress

    • Informal Structures

    • Formal Structures

    • How a Bill Becomes a Law

    • The Conventional Process

    • How It Works: Passing Legislation

    • Deviations from the Conventional Process

    • Differences in the House and Senate Legislative Processes

    • Oversight

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. The Presidency



    • The Development of Presidential Power

    • Early Years through World War I

    • The Great Depression through the Present

    • The President’s Job Description

    • Head of the Executive Branch

    • Appointments

    • Executive Orders

    • Commander in Chief

    • Treaty Making and Foreign Policy

    • Legislative Power

    • Pardons and Commutations

    • Executive Privilege

    • Process How It Works: How Presidents Make Policy outside the Legislative

    • The Presidency as an Institution

    • The Executive Office of the President

    • The Vice President

    • The First Spouse

    • The President’s Cabinet

    • Presidential Power Today

    • Presidents, Unilateral Action, and Policy Making

    • Control Over the Interpretation and Implementation of Laws

    • Congressional Responses to Unilateral Action

    • Presidents as Politicians

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. The Bureaucracy xvi Contents

      • What Is the Federal Bureaucracy?

      • What Do Bureaucrats Do?

      • How It Works: Bureaucracy and Legislation

      • Bureaucratic Expertise and Its Consequences

      • How Has the American Bureaucracy Grown?

      • The Beginning of America’s Bureaucracy

      • Building a New American State: The Progressive Era

      • The New Deal, the Great Society, and the Reagan Revolution

      • The Modern Federal Bureaucracy

      • The Structure of the Federal Government

      • The Size of the Federal Government

      • The Human Face of the Bureaucracy

      • Civil Service Regulations

      • Limits on Political Activity

      • Political Appointees and the Senior Executive Service

      • Controlling the Bureaucracy

      • Agency Organization

      • Monitoring

      • Correcting Violations

      • The Consequences of Control

      • Unpacking the Conflict

      • Study Guide







      1. The Courts



      • Federal Judiciary The Development of an Independent and Powerful

      • The Founders’ Views of the Courts: The Weakest Branch?

      • Judicial Review and Marbury v. Madison

      • Judicial Review in Practice

      • The American Legal and Judicial System

      • Court Fundamentals

      • Structure of the Court System and Federalism

      • How It Works: The Court System

      • How Judges Are Selected

      • Access to the Supreme Court

      • The Court’s Workload

      • Rules of Access

      • The Court’s Criteria

      • Internal Politics



    • Hearing Cases before the Supreme Court Contents xvii

    • Briefs

    • Oral Argument

    • Conference

    • Opinion Writing

    • Supreme Court Decision Making

    • Legal Factors

    • Political Factors

    • The Role of the Court in Our Political System

    • Compliance and Implementation

    • Relations with the Other Branches

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. Economic Policy Part IV: Policy



    • Goals of Economic Policy

    • Full Employment

    • Stable Prices

    • Promotion of the Free Market and Growth

    • Balanced Budgets

    • Balance of Payments, or the Current Account

    • Trade-offs between Economic Goals

    • The Key Players in Economic Policy Making

    • Congress

    • The President

    • How It Works: The Budget Process

    • The Bureaucracy

    • How Economic Policy Makers Interact: The 2008 Economic Crisis

    • Tools and Theories of Economic Policy

    • Fiscal Policy

    • Monetary Policy

    • Regulatory Policy

    • Trade Policy and the Balance of Payments

    • Unpacking the Conflict

    • Study Guide





    1. Social Policy



    • The Roots and Goals of Social Policy

    • Early Social-Policy Efforts

    • The New Deal

    • The Great Society



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