196 Chapter 5 | Civil Rights- In economic terms, the average Latino family is.
a better off than the average white family from the same area
b likely to have more assets than the average white family
c roughly equal with the average white family
d worse off than the average white family
e more likely than any other group to be poor
Key players in the conflict over
civil rights
Explain the approaches used to bring about change in civil
rights policies. (Pages 166–187)Summary
Depending on the political context, each branch of government has
played a role in the expansion of civil rights. Moreover, federalism has
played a role in this process. Although the state governments often
lagged behind the federal government in African Americans’ civil
rights, they have been on the forefront in protecting the rights of
gays and lesbians.Key terms
de jure (p. 173)
de facto (p. 173)
disparate impact
standard (p. 174)rational basis test (p. 176)
substantive due process
doctrine (p. 182)Practice Quiz Questions
- Early in the civil rights movement (before the 1960s), which
branch provided most of the successes?
a state governments
b Congress
c the presidency
d the bureaucracy
e the Supreme Court - The difference between de facto segregation and de jure
segregation is that de facto segregation , while de
jure segregation.
a is the result of circumstances; is mandated by law
b is mandated by law; is the result of circumstances
c applies to racial minorities; applies to women
d applies to women; applies to racial minorities
e applies to all groups; applies to racial minorities - The strongest protection as the “suspect classification”
applies which test?
a rational basis
b strict scrutiny
c intermediate scrutiny
d privileged interest
e disparate impact- The VRA.
a established “majority-minority” districts
b established compulsory voter registration for African Americans
c eliminated direct obstacles to minority voting in the South
d barred discrimination in the rental or sale of a home
e reduced participation by African Americans in the South - Relative to the protection of individuals with disabilities,
Congress’s track record in protecting gay rights is.
a stronger
b about the same
c weaker
d nonexistent
e more focused on job discrimination
Civil rights issues today
Examine affirmative action and other ongoing civil rights
issues. (Pages 188–193)Summary
The public is divided on the appropriateness of civil rights policies,
with some groups preferring a “color-blind” approach and some groups
preferring a “color-conscious” approach. Furthermore, the debates
over issues such as affirmative action, immigration reform, and estab-
lishing English as the official language in many states indicate the level
of conflict over civil rights policy. Nonetheless, when public opinion
does strongly support the application of civil rights in a particular
arena, policy makers generally respond to these views.Practice Quiz Questions
- The Supreme Court’s implementation of “color-blind
jurisprudence” fits the agenda of those who argue.
a that the gap between blacks and whites has narrowed
b that the civil rights movement needs to continue to fight for equal
opportunity
c that African Americans need to be separate and fully
self-sufficient
d that equality of outcomes is important
e that the gap between blacks and whites has widened - What did the case Regents of the University of California v.
Bakke establish?
a that race could play no role in the college admissions process
b that gender could play no role in the college admissions process
c that strict racial quotas in the admissions process were legal
d that race could be used as a “plus factor” in the admissions
process
e that gender could be used as a “plus factor” in the admissions
process
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