- In the problem of control, the is the principal and the
is the agent.
a bureaucracy; president
b bureaucracy; Congress
c president; Congress
d president; bureaucracy
e Congress; president - occurs when bureaucrats cater to a small group of
individuals regardless of the impact of these actions on the
public welfare.
a Bureaucratic drift
b Regulatory capture
c The revolving door
d An iron triangle
e Neutral competence
How has the American
bureaucracy grown?
Trace the expansion of the federal bureaucracy over time.
(Pages 465–469)Summary
The bureaucracy has grown substantially since the turn of the twentieth
century, largely in response to citizens’ demands that the government
do more for the people. The federal government had a very limited role
in daily life for much of the nineteenth century, but it expanded during
the Progressive Era, when regulatory activity increased and the spoils
system was replaced by the federal civil service. The bureaucracy
expanded again with the New Deal and Great Society programs, which
increased the number of services the government provided.Key term
federal civil service (p. 467)Practice Quiz Questions
- How did the bureaucracy change during the Progressive Era?
a It expanded the delivery of government services directly to
individuals.
b The spoils system was first established.
c It created a number of antipoverty and educational programs.
d It reduced the government’s regulatory activity.
e It increased the government’s regulatory activity. - The civil service reforms of the Progressive Era the
spoils system and the power of party organizations.
a ended; increased
b ended; decreased
c instituted; increased
d instituted; decreased
e expanded; increased
Study Guide
What is the federal
bureaucracy?
Define bureaucracy and explain its major functions.
(Pages 456–465)Summary
The bureaucracy is composed of both civil servants and political
appointees and is in charge of interpreting and implementing a
wide range of government policies. While bureaucrats are policy
experts, most members of Congress are not. Nonetheless, Congress
tries to control how the bureaucracy operates, which can result in
inefficiencies.Key terms
bureaucracy (p. 456)
civil servants (p. 456)
political appointees (p. 456)
regulation (p. 457)
notice-and-comment
procedure (p. 457)
state capacity (p. 462)problem of control (p. 462)
principal–agent game
(p. 462)
regulatory capture (p. 463)
red tape (p. 464)
standard operating
procedures (SOPs) (p. 464)Practice Quiz Questions
- A government rule that affects the choices that individuals
or corporations make is called.
a an initiative
b a referendum
c a regulation
d a procurement
e an appropriation - One of the reasons bureaucrats respond to pressure from
elected officials is that.
a bureaucrats need congressional support to get larger
budgets
b elected officials are experts
c bureaucrats are all appointed by members of Congress
d bureaucrats’ offices are housed in the Congress
e bureaucrats are required by law to do so
STUDY
GUIDE
Study guide 485Full_14_APT_64431_ch13_454-487.indd 485 16/11/18 1:45 PM