A78 Glossary/IndexForeign Relations Committee, 630
Founders
Articles of Confederation of, 33–35
on Congress, 377, 377
at Constitutional Convention, 36,
36–48
on equality, 22
on goals of government, 6
on human nature, 6, 37
on judiciary, 490–92
on liberty, 21
original intent of, 516
on political parties, 266
on republicanism, 36–37
on separation of church and state,
114
on strong national government, 75,
76
Fourteen Point Plan, 620
Fourteenth Amendment, 61, 62, 80, 90,
91–92, 93, 109, 112
and abortion rights, 141
on due process, 80, 92, 109, 182
equal protection clause in. See equal
protection clause of Fourteenth
Amendment
and gay rights, 93, 143, 181, 182
and remedial legislation, 92
and same-sex marriage, 499
and slavery, 152–53
Supreme Court on, 109, 112, 493,
517
and women’s rights, 176, 177
Fourth Amendment, 106, 107, 108, 113,
132–36, 140
Fox Television, 129, 2 3 7, 249framing of news, 2 4 6 – 47, 250–51, 255 The
influence on public opinion caused
by the way a story is presented or
covered, including the details,
explanations, and context offered in
the report.France, 8, 33, 34
foreign aid from, 641
income inequality in, 536
multilateral actions of, 617
Paris terrorist attacks in (2016), 192
as UN Security Council member, 637
Francis, Pope, 578
Franken, Al, 180
Frankfurter, Felix, 513, 517
Franklin, Benjamin, 39, 48, 49Freddie Mac, 549
free countries, 8
Freedmen’s Bureau, 153
freedom
of assembly, 110, 123–24, 129
of press, 2, 106, 110, 125–26, 129, 244
of religion, 110–11, 112–17
of speech. See speech, freedom of
Freedom Caucus, 19, 402
Freedom R iders, 168–69free exercise clause, 111, 114, 115–17 Part
of the First Amendment that states
that Congress cannot prohibit
or interfere with the practice of
religion unless there are important
secular reasons for doing so.Freeland, Chrystia, 544free market, 15, 535 An economic
system based on competition among
businesses without government
interference.
and grazing rights, 563
and regulatory policy, 561, 562
role of government in, 567free rider problem, 7, 353–54 The incen-
tive to benefit from others’ work
without making a contribution,
which leads individuals in a collec-
tive action situation to refuse to
work together.free riding, 353–54 Relying on others
to contribute to a collective effort
while failing to participate on one’s
own behalf, yet still benefiting from
the group’s successes.French and Indian War (1754–1763), 32
Fudge, Marcia, 315
Fugitive Slave Act, 46, 152
Fulbright Scholars, 627full employment, 533 The theoretical
point at which all citizens who want
to be employed have a job.full faith and credit clause, 76 –7 7 The
part of Article IV of the Constitution
requiring that each state’s laws be
honored by the other states. For
example, a legal marriage in onestate must be recognized across
state lines.fundamental factors in elections, 309–11Garland, Merrick, 55, 426, 503, 504, 518
Garner, Tyron, 143, 181
Garrett, Alabama v., 91
Gates, Bill, 556, 560, 579, 596
Gates Foundation, 609
Gawker Media, 127, 127
Gay and Lesbian Victory Fund, 362
gay people. See LGBTQ people
Geithner, Timothy, 549
gender. See also women
and Clinton defeat, 25
and descriptive representation,
378–80
and equality, 22, 151, 156–57, 166,
16 6 – 67, 176 –81
of federal court judges, 501–2, 502
and party identification, 17, 269,
333, 335
and pay gap, 18, 180, 180–81, 181
and political conflicts, 18–19
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (1994), 566, 621general elections, 299–300 The election
in which voters cast ballots for
House members, senators, and
(every four years) a president and
vice president.
campaigns in, 316–18
policy issues in, 314General Services Administration, 472
General Social Survey, 206, 206, 215
Georgia
at Constitutional Convention, 42
drug testing in, 135
gay rights in, 181
immigration policies in, 192
presidential campaign and election
in (2016), 283, 307
slavery in, 47, 151
special election in (2017), 317–18
voting districts in, 175
Georgia, Chisholm v., 78, 500
Georgia (country), Russian invasion
of, 623
Gephardt, Richard, 303
G er ma ny, 564
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