William_T._Bianco,_David_T._Canon]_American_Polit

A84 Glossary/Index

judicial restraint, 519, 521–22 , 523 The

idea that the Supreme Court should

defer to the democratically elected

executive and legislative branches

of government rather than contra-

dicting existing laws.

judicial review, 58, 491, 492–94, 521, 525

The Supreme Court’s power to strike

down a law or executive branch

action that it finds unconstitutional.

activism and restraint in, 176, 519,

521–22, 525–26

Judiciary Act (1789), 491, 493 The law in

which Congress laid out the organi-

zation of the federal judiciary. The

law refined and clarified federal

court jurisdiction and set the origi-

nal number of justices at six. It also

created the office of the attorney

general and established the lower

federal courts.

jurisdiction, 4 9 6 – 9 7, 498, 507 The sphere

of a court’s legal authority to hear

and decide cases.

jury trials, 49, 109, 139, 157

Justice Department, 470

and affirmative action, 190

and civil rights, 183

discretionary spending on, 553

and domestic surveillance, 136

and executive privilege, 437

and housing discrimination, 159

and Microsoft, 560

and Obama, 437, 443

and police discrimination, 164

and recreational marijuana, 95

and redistricting, 176, 390, 391, 393

and Russia investigation, 413, 418,

454, 472

and sanctuary cities, 70

in screening of lower-court judges,

503

size of, 474

solicitor general in, 509–10

and Trump, 54, 72, 98, 125, 413, 418,

443, 454, 472, 484

and Watergate investigation, 433

Kagan, Elena, 187, 503, 513, 519, 522

Kaibab National Forest, 563

Kansas, 90

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 421

Kaptur, Marcy, 391

Kasich, John, 102, 283

Kavanaugh, Brett, 291, 334–35, 518, 519

Keillor, Garrison, 180

Kelly, John, 438

Kennan, George F., 620

Kennedy, Anthony M., 191, 501, 518, 519,

520, 522, 522

Kennedy, John F., 168, 169, 182, 186,

521, 586

Kennedy, Robert F., 130, 169

Kent uck y, 47, 173, 303

Kerry, John, 308, 435

Key, V. O., 198, 228

Keynes, John Maynard, 551

Keynesian economics, 551, 552, 553, 554,

568 The theory that governments

should use economic policy, like

taxing and spending, to maintain

stability in the economy.

Keystone XL pipeline, 345

Kim Jong-un, 30, 31, 32, 430, 430, 617,

638, 649

Kimmel, Jimmy, 236

King, Angus, 278

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 130, 167, 170,

170

King, Rodney, 138

Kingdon, John, 590

Kissinger, Henry, 622

Klobuchar, Amy, 291, 291

Korean War, 135, 621

Kosovo, 623

Kucinich, Dennis, 391

Kuebel, Schilb v., 113

Ku Klux Klan, 119, 122, 124

Kurtzman, Lemon v., 115

Kushner, Jared, 438, 439, 439, 587

labor costs, 564

Labor Department, 470, 474 , 604

labor unions, 343, 353–54, 483, 577

La ffer, A r t hu r, 551

Laffer curve, 551, 552

Lamb, Conor, 309, 311

Land Grant College Act, 606

Las Vegas, Nevada, 128, 131, 368

latent opinion, 201 An opinion formed

on the spot, when it is needed (as

distinct from a deeply held opinion

that is stable over time).

Latinos

civil rights of, 154–55

composition of U.S. population, 18,

379

in Congress, 378, 379

discrimination against, 154, 159,

189

diversity of, 155

as federal court judges, 502, 502

party identification of, 17, 155

police shooting of, 165

presidential appointments of, 186,

187

socioeconomic indicators on, 161

voting by, 160 , 332, 333

Lauer, Matt, 180

law enforcement, 521

discretionary spending on, 553

as government function, 6, 7

Miranda rights in, 137

and police shootings of African

Americans, 163, 163–64, 165, 171

racial profiling in, 148–50, 163, 192,

193, 194

search and seizure in, 106, 107,

132–36

Lawrence, John Geddes, 143, 181

Lawrence v. Texas, 143, 181, 522

laws. See legislation

lawsuits and litigation strategies of

interest groups, 358–59

law yers

right to counsel from, 138–39

women as, 156–57

“layer cake” and “marble cake” models

of federalism, 82, 83, 84

lead in water supply, 163, 464

League of Nations, 421, 620

leaking, 125, 243–45, 244 The practice

in which someone in government

provides nonpublic information to

a reporter, with the aim of generat-

ing press coverage favorable to the

leaker’s aims.

Ledbetter, Lilly, 180, 500

Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber,

180, 500

LeFevre, Dell, 563

legal counsel, right to, 138–39

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