Karen_A._Mingst,_Ivan_M._Arregu_n-Toft]_Essentia

Significant EvEntS in thE

DEvElopmEnt of thE Eu ro pEan union

Year event

1952 EuItaly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and West Germany.^ ro^ pean Coal and Steel Community created by Belgium, France,

1954 French National Assembly rejects proposal to form the EuDefence Community.^ ro^ pean

1957

Treaties of Rome establish the Eu ro pean Economic Community

(EEC) and the Eu ro pean Atomic Energy Community, comprising

same six members.

1968 Customs quotas are removed; and common external tariff is established.^ union is completed; all internal customs, duties, and

1975 Lomé Convention between the EEC and 46 developing countries in Africa, the Ca rib bean, and the Pacific signed.

(^1979) completed; first direct elections to the EuHigh-^ level negotiations on Eu^ rope^ an Monetary System are ro pean Parliament.
1986
Signing of the Single Eu ro pean Act designed to ensure faster
decisions; more attention to environmental and technological
issues; list of mea sures compiled that need to be taken before
achieving single market in 1992.
1992
Maastricht Treaty completed, committing members to po liti cal
union, including the establishment of common foreign and
defence policies, a single currency, and a regional central bank;
name changed to Eu ro pean Union (EU); controversial referendums
held in several countries.
1997 Treaty of Amsterdam extends competence on Justice and Home Affairs, defines Eu ro pean citizenship.
1999 Common monetary policy and single currency (the euro) launched.
2002 Euro in circulation.
2004 Eu ro pean Constitution negotiated.
2005 French and Dutch publics reject the proposed constitution; ongoing discussions.
2009 Lisbon Treaty authorizes institutional reforms.
2011–
pres ent Eurozone crisis.
2014–
pres ent Refugee crisis.
t ablE 7.5
234 CHAPTER SEvEN ■ igoS , intErnational law, anD ngoS