Index A67UN Conference on the Environment
and Development (UNCED), 249
UN Convention Against Torture, 245
unconventional warfare, 281–84
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
Law (UNCLOS), 230, 301
U NESCO, 391
UN High Commissioner for Refugees,
213, 227, 247
UNICEF, 213, 247, 389, 391
UN International Law Commission,
242
unipolar systems, 81, 111–15, 126
unitary actors, 77
United Arab Emirates, 147, 326
United Nations
about, 213–15, 246
Afghanistan and, 56–57
agencies affiliated with, 227–28
basic principles, 215–16
bip ol a r it y a nd , 111
celebrity diplomacy and, 198
changing interpretations, 215–16
Cold War and, 51–52, 55
criminal tribunals, 380
development goals, 344
enforcement and, 220–26
formation of, 44
human rights and, 372–73
Iraq-Kuwait Observer Mission, 57
Kenya and, 250
key political issues, 219–20
oil-for-food scandal, 226
Palestine and, 132–33, 140
peacekeeping and, 220–26
reform and, 226–27
sanctions imposed by, 159, 224
security community, 268
selected human rights conventions,
368–69
South Africa and, 158
structure of, 216–19
Switzerland and, 203
weaknesses of, 255
weapons of mass destruction
and, 61United Nations Charter, 46, 219,
224 –25, 367
United States. see also Cold War; war on
terrorism
abolitionists and, 365
aftermath of revolution, 26
AIPAC and, 154
Arctic Council and, 208–9, 230–31
carbon dioxide emissions, 403
China and, 126
civil war and, 265, 274, 365
Cuban missile crisis, 52
environmental issues and, 405–6
European sphere of influence and,
33
foreign policy elites and, 182,
184–86, 192–93
global financial crisis and, 347
in Group of 7, 323
hegemony of, 113–14
ICC jurisdiction and, 381
imperialism and, 33
international finance and, 326
international trade and, 328, 330
Iran and, 120
Iraq and, 218
Islamic State and, 120
Kyoto Protocol and, 404
League of Nations and, 40
as liberal democracy, 162
liberalism and, 44–45
NAFTA and, 335–36
Native American nations, 137
NGOs and, 250
North Korea and, 51–52
nuclear weapons and, 44–45
oil sanctions and, 158
polarity and, 110, 111–12
post-World War I, 40
post-World War II, 44–45
public diplomacy and, 155
public opinion polling, 203
Putin and, 195
sanctions imposed by, 159, 224
Saudi Arabia and, 120
sources of power, 146–47, 150ESSIR7_CH15_Index_A29-A74_11P.indd 67 6/14/16 10:14 AM