The Origins of Happiness

The Origins of Happiness

study, which records the details of family life and schooling

year by year. So in Table 16.4 we look at how family life

from birth to age 16 affects how children are at age 16. We

also look at the effects of schooling.

We look at the effects on all the three child outcomes.

Emotional health at 16 is measured by 32 questions, some

Table 16.4. How children’s outcomes at age 16 are affected by family

and schooling (ALSPAC) (cross- section) (standardized coefficients)

Emotional

health at 16

Behavior

at 16

GCSE score

at 16

Family income (log,
averaged)

0.07 0.08 0.14

Parents’ education
(years)

— 0.04 0.17

Father unemployed
(% of years)

— — −0.03

Mother worked (% of
1st year)

— — −0.02

Mother worked (% of
other years)

— −0.05 0.04

Parents’ involvement
with child

0.04 0.05 0.02

Parents’ aggression to
child

−0.03 −0.12 —

Mother’s mental
health

0.16 0.17 0.03

Father’s mental health 0.04 — —

Conflict between
parents

−0.04 −0.14 −0.01

Primary school quality 0.27 0.32 0.21

Secondary school
quality

0.28 0.31 0.38