NOTES
Introduction: The New Paradigm
- Bentham ([1789] 1996); Layard (2011).
- Jefferson (1809).
- Layard, Mayraz, and Nickell (2010), Easterlin (2016).
- O’Donnell et al. (2014).
- See the publications of the National Institute for Health and
Care Excellence (NICE). - This is called a visual analogue scale.
- OECD (2013a).
- It is also not clear whether the experience of dreaming should
be included or not. On average dreaming takes up over 10% of all time
spent on mental activity (NIH National Institute of Neurological Dis-
orders and Stroke, “Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep”). https://www
.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Understand
ing-Sleep. - Kahneman (2011).
- Ward (2015). The partial correlation coefficients are sometimes
called the standardized regression coefficients. They are the βs in a regres-
sion where all variables are divided by their standard deviation. The over-
all explanatory power of the equation is given by R^2 = iβi^2 + ijβiβjrij
(i ≠ j). - Replies to questions on subjective well- being are also quite well
correlated with measurements of brain activity (Davidson [1992]). - Steptoe and Wardle (2012). Contrary findings are in Liu et al.
(2015), but this study is flawed (see Diener, Pressman, and Lyubormirsky
[2015]). On the effects of life- satisfaction, see De Neve, Diener, Tay, and
Xuereb (2013). On validity, see also OECD (2013a). - We use the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaires (SMFQ).
- For the history of these studies, see Pearson (2016).
- British Household Panel Survey (BHPS); German Socio-
Economic Panel (SOEP); Household, Income and Labour Dynamics
in Australia (HILDA).