Archaeology – September-October 2019

archaeology.org 41

SLOJULPVDURXQGWKHLUQHFNVWRFDUU\VRPHRIWKHVDLQWV¶

SRZHUV ZLWK WKHP7ZR RI WKH DPSXOODV VWLOO GLVSOD\

LFRQRJUDSK\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK VDLQWV 2QH FDPH IURP

&DQWHUEXU\KRPHRIWKHVKULQHRI7KRPDV

%HFNHW DQG WKH RWKHU IURP WKH VRXWKĥ

HDVWHUQ YLOODJH RI :DOVLQJKDP ZKHUH

WKHUH DUH PDMRU VKULQHV WR WKH 9LUJLQ

0DU\ %RWK ORFDWLRQV ZHUH LPSRUWDQW

PHGLHYDOSLOJULPDJHGHVWLQDWLRQV%DQNĥ

head believes that the presence of these

DPSXOODV LQ WKH ULYHU LQ 'XUKDP VXJJHVWV

WKDW SLOJULPV PD\ KDYH GHOLEHUDWHO\ WRVVHG WKHLU

VRXYHQLUV LQWR WKH ZDWHU ³7KHLU GLVFRYHU\ FHUĥ

tainly strengthens the developing theory that

SLOJULPVPD\KDYHWKURZQWKHDPSXOODVLQIRU

VXSHUVWLWLRXVUHDVRQV ́VD\V%DQNKHDG³SHUKDSV

DVDQRɱHULQJIRUWKHLUVDIHMRXUQH\ ́

5HFRUGVVKRZWKDWE\WKHIRXUWHHQWKFHQWXU\

(OYHW %ULGJH ZDV ÀDQNHG E\ WZR FKDSHOV$V DQ

H[SHULPHQW %DQNKHDG WKUHZ OHDG ZHLJKWV LQWR

WKHULYHUIURPWKHORFDWLRQVZKHUHHDFKFKDSHORQFH

VWRRG7KHZHLJKWVZRXQGXSQHDUWKHVSRWZKHUHWKH

VRXYHQLUVZHUHIRXQGVXJJHVWLQJWKDWLW¶VSODXVLEOHWKH\

ZHUHWKURZQLQE\SLOJULPVSDXVLQJDWWKHFKDSHOV

-RKQ-HQNLQVDPHGLHYDOLVWDWWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI<RUNVD\V

WKHDPSXOODVDQGPHGDOOLRQVRɱHUDORRNDWKRZSLOJULPDJHV

IXQFWLRQHGLQWKHODWHPHGLHYDOHUD³'XULQJWKHHDUO\SHULRG

RIWKHFXOWRIVDLQWVLQWKHWZHOIWKFHQWXU\WKHUHDUHORWVRI

PLUDFOHVWRULHVZULWWHQGRZQDQGZHKDYHDJRRGLGHDRIZKDW

KDSSHQHGDWSLOJULPVLWHV ́VD\V-HQNLQV³%XWWKHUHDIWHUQRW

PXFK LV NQRZQ ́7KH PDVV SURGXFWLRQ RI DPSXOODV LQ ODWHU

PHGLHYDO (XURSH ¿WV ZLWK WKH LGHD WKDW WKH YHQHUDWLRQ RI

VDLQWVEHFDPHDFKXUFKĥFRQWUROOHGDFWLYLW\ZLWKDFRPPHUFLDO

HGJH³%\WKHIRXUWHHQWKDQG¿IWHHQWKFHQWXULHVIHZSLOJULPV

JRWWRWRXFKWKHUHOLFV ́VD\V-HQNLQV,QVWHDGSLOJULPVZHUH

HQFRXUDJHGWRSXUFKDVHRɱHULQJVWKDWWKH\ZRXOGSODFHQHDU

DVDLQW¶VVKULQHDVWKH\¿OHGSDVWRUZHDUDVVLJQVRIGHYRWLRQ

SRLJQDQWEXWZKDWUHDOO\VSDUNHGKLVH[FLWHPHQWZHUHWKH

ROGHUREMHFWVWKDWVRPHWLPHVHPHUJHGIURPGHHSHUZLWKLQ

WKH ULYHUEHG ³2QH GD\ , GLVFRYHUHG D 'XWFK (DVW ,QGLD

&RPSDQ\FRLQGDWLQJWR 1793 DQG,UHDOL]HGWKDW,ZDV¿QGĥ

LQJREMHFWVWKDWZHUHDVROGDVWKHQHDUE\3UHEHQGV%ULGJH ́

VD\V%DQNKHDG

7KLVOHGKLPWRZRQGHUZKDWKHPLJKW¿QGEHQHDWK'XUĥ

KDP¶VROGHUEULGJHV+HGHFLGHGWRWDNHDORRNGRZQVWUHDPRI

(OYHW%ULGJHMXVWQRUWKRIWKHFDWKHGUDO,WZDVFRQVWUXFWHG

in 1160  WR FRQQHFW 'XUKDP¶V FHQWUDO SHQLQVXOD ZLWK QHZO\

EXLOW WHQHPHQWV LQ WKH ERURXJK RI (OYHW 2Q KLV YHU\ ¿UVW

GLYH%DQNKHDGGLVFRYHUHGD 500 ĥ\HDUĥROGVLOYHUSHQQ\PLQWHG

GXULQJWKHUHLJQRI+HQU\9,,,ĪU 1509 Ħ 1547 ī

$W WKDW SRLQW %DQNKHDG UHDOL]HG WKDW KH ZRXOG QHHG

SURSHU WUDLQLQJ WR GRMXVWLFH WR WKH SRWHQWLDO

ULYHUEHG ¿QGV VR KH VLJQHG XS IRU D GHJUHH LQ

DUFKDHRORJ\ DW 'XUKDP 8QLYHUVLW\ ,Q 2011  E\

ZKLFKWLPHKHKDG¿QLVKHGKLVXQGHUJUDGXDWH

GHJUHHDQGHPEDUNHGRQDPDVWHU¶VKHVWDUWHG

WRPDSRXWWKHULYHUEHGGRZQVWUHDPRI(OYHW

%ULGJHDQGZDVVRRQFDUU\LQJRXWH[FDYDWLRQV

WKHUH %DQNKHDG H[FDYDWHG WUHQFKHV LQ WKH

VLOW WKDW KDG DFFXPXODWHG LQ WKH DSSUR[LPDWHO\

WKUHHĥIRRWĥZLGHDQGWKUHHĥIRRWĥGHHSFKDQQHOVWKDW

ZHQG WKHLU ZD\ WKURXJK WKH VDQGVWRQH ULYHUEHG

:RUNLQJ GXULQJ WKH VXPPHU RU IDOO ZKHQ WKH

ZDWHUVZHUHFOHDUHVWKHXVHGZHLJKWVWRNHHSKLPVHOI

KRUL]RQWDO DQG FORVH WR WKH ULYHUEHG 'HVSLWH WKH

XQFRQYHQWLRQDO VHWWLQJ KH XVHG FRQYHQWLRQDO WRROV

DQG WHFKQLTXHV WR ZRUN PHWKRGLFDOO\ GRZQ WKURXJK WKH

OD\HUV RI VHGLPHQW SKRWRJUDSKLQJ DQG GRFXPHQWLQJ WKH

ORFDWLRQGHSWKDQGFRQWH[WRIHYHU\¿QG)RU&KULV&DSOH

D'XUKDP8QLYHUVLW\DUFKDHRORJLFDOFRQVHUYDWRU%DQNKHDG¶V

SURMHFW ZDV JURXQGEUHDNLQJ ³7KH FRVW RI GRLQJ WKLV ZRUN

FRPPHUFLDOO\ ZRXOG EH DVWURQRPLFDO ́ VD\V &DSOH ³2QO\

ZKHQWKHUHLVDQLQWHUHVWHGLQGLYLGXDOZLWKDSSURSULDWHGLYLQJ

DQGDUFKDHRORJLFDOVNLOOVZKRLVZLOOLQJWRVSHQGQXPHURXV

KRXUVLQIUHH]LQJZDWHUGRHVVRPHWKLQJOLNHWKLVKDSSHQ ́

O

VER THE COURSE OF the last eight years and an

HVWLPDWHG 500  KRXUV LQ WKH :HDU %DQNKHDG KDV

H[FDYDWHG VRPH 13  000

REMHFWV IURP WKH ULYHU 3HUKDSV

WKH PRVW WHOOLQJ RI WKHVH DUWLIDFWV

DUH WKRVH WKDW VSHDN WR 'XUKDP

&DWKHGUDO¶V SURPLQHQW UROH DV D

SLOJULPDJH FHQWHU %DQNKHDG KDV

XQFRYHUHG 18  PHGLHYDO SLOJULP

VRXYHQLUVQHVWOHGLQWKHJUDYHOEHGV

GRZQVWUHDPRI(OYHW%ULGJH7KH\

LQFOXGHWKUHHOHDGDPSXOODVD6DLQW

$XJXVWLQH PHGDOOLRQ DQG D PHWDO

VKHOOĥVKDSHGREMHFWIURP6DQWLDJR

GH &RPSRVWHOD LQ 6SDLQ 7KHVH

VRXYHQLUVZHUHSUREDEO\SXUFKDVHG

RXWVLGHVDLQWV¶VKULQHVDQGZRUQE\

Medieval pilgrims’ souvenirs discovered in the river include

(from left) a small flask for holy water, a Saint Augustine

medallion, a shell-shaped metal object, and a lead-alloy cross.

A silver trowel presented to the archbishop of

Canterbury in 1961 and a 1793 Dutch East India Company

coin were among the first objects found in the Wear.