2 ★ † FINANCIAL TIMES Tuesday 27 August 2019FINANCIAL TIMES
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[email protected]I N T E R N AT I O N A L
J O S E P H I N E C U M B O— VALLETTAEU countries, especially the UK, have
not done enough to press Malta into
holding an independent probe into the
killing on the island of investigative
journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia, her
family has claimed.Caruana Galizia was killed in 2017 near
her home when a bomb exploded in the
car she was driving. At the time of her
death she was investigating allegations
of serious corruption by politicians and
senior officials in the Maltese govern-
ment, including kickbacks and money
laundering.
Malta has since been criticised by
human rights organisations for how
long it has taken to bring Caruana Gal-
izia’ssuspectedkillerstotrial.TheEuro-
pean Parliament has also deplored
“serious shortcomings” in the rule of
law in Malta. Last month, three men
were formally charged over the killing,
19monthsaftertheywerearrested,with
atrialdateyettobeset.
“Human rights bodies, like the Coun-
cil of Europe, and its agencies that focus
on money laundering and the rule of
law, are really doing their best,” saidMatthew Caruana Galizia, son of the
killedjournalist.
“But what is disappointing is the
response of individual governments
within Europe, especially the UK gov-
ernment. They [the UK] refused to sup-
port the call for a public inquiry, even
thoughintheUKpublicinquiriesareset
up as a matter of course for things that
are much less serious than the murder
ofajournalist.”
The family was particularly keen to
approachtheUKbecauseofitscloseties
andhistorywithMalta.
In June the Council of Europe, the 47-
country human rights organisation, set
Malta a three-month deadline to launchan independent inquiry into Caruana
Galizia’s death. The Maltese govern-
ment has indicated its intention to meet
thedeadlinebuthasyettosetoutdetails
ofaninquiry.
The family has the backing of Report-
ers Without Borders, the international
press freedom organisation, which said
it had experienced “significant diffi-
culty” trying to raise the journalist’s
case with the British Foreign and Com-
monwealthOffice.
The FCO said it had “regularly” raised
Caruana Galizia’s case with the Maltese
government. But it referred to a state-
ment made by Alan Duncan, the former
minister for Europe, who said in March
this year: “The decision to establish a
public inquiry is, nevertheless, a matter
fortheMaltesegovernment.”
Reporters Without Borders said: “We
again urge the Foreign and Common-
wealth Office to support the call for a
public inquiry into Caruana Galizia’s
assassination, a measure which has now
been given a three-month window for
implementation by the Parliamentary
AssemblyoftheCouncilofEurope.”
In a statement to the Financial Times,
the Maltese government said: “There isan ongoing engagement with the Coun-
cil of Europe to ensure that such an
inquiry does not in any way prejudice
the current criminal proceedings
against three persons accused with the
samemurder.”
Mr Caruana Galizia said he did not
believe there would be justice for his
mother without an independent public
inquiry.“Thereisadefinitelackofpolit-
ical will in Malta to go beyond the low-
level organised crime aspects of my
mother’s murder,” he told the FT. “The
police are seeing this as an opportunity
to finally prosecute the low level
thugs... there is no will to go beyond
the people who are criminally culpable
forthemurder.”
He said a public inquiry was the only
judicial process that could uncover
responsibility for his mother’s killing
thatmightariseoutofnegligence,either
wilful or unwilful. “Even if people at the
highestlevelofgovernmentinMaltadid
not directly commission the murder
and did not mastermind it, at the very
least they expressed a wish for someone
to do something to stop my mother, and
this wish would have been carried out
bytheirunderlings,”Caruana Galizia case
UK criticised for failing to press Malta over journalist’s killing
Churchgoers mark six months since
Daphne Caruana Galizia’s deathH A N N A H R O B E RT S— ROMEActivistsfromItaly’santi-establishment
Five Star have threatened to desert the
movement if its leaders enter a coalition
government with the opposition Demo-
cratic party, as the two race to form an
administrationtoavoidearlyelections.
Following the collapse of the 14-
month-old coalition between Five Star
and the far-right League last week,
Italy’s president Sergio Mattarella has
given the parties until today to form astable government. If they fail to do so,
heisexpectedtocallsnapelections.
Luigi Di Maio, Five Star leader, is con-
sidering an alliance with the centre-left
PD. This has aroused fury among his
activists, who see the PD as a central
part of the discredited establishment
theyhavevowedtosweepaside.
Supporters of web-based Five Star
have warned the leadership against
compromising on their ideals and said
the movement would not survive such a
coalition. One wrote on Mr Di Maio’s
Facebook page: “You are digging a grave
with the PD, we will lose millions of
votesandminewillbethefirst.”
Another wrote: “You were supposed
to be the change, but now you want toally with those you have always fought
against.”
Matteo Salvini, deputy prime minis-
ter and leader of the League, had called
for elections to try to cash in on his
party’s rising poll ratings at the expense
of his erstwhile coalition partners. But
the majority of parliamentarians are
wary of fresh elections in which they
may lose their seats. With the largest
party in parliament, Five Star is in the
strongest position when it comes to
forminganewgovernment.
This would avoid the need for a poll in
the run-up to a difficult budget in which
Italy needs to make cuts of at least
€23bn to avoid a rise in value added tax
andpossibleEUaction.Five Star have also haemorrhaged
supportsinceenteringpower14months
ago in a coalition with the League, and
new elections could see many MPs lose
their seats. While they hold 32 per cent
of seats in parliament, a poll on Sunday
putsupportforthemat16percent.
But in WhatsApp chats used to com-
municate “almost everyone” is against
the hypothetical agreement with the
PD, Rome-based Five Star activist Mas-
simo Lazzari, said. “The PD are too pro-
Euro,tooliberal,”hesaid.
“Five Star have called on us for years
to fight against the PD. Now they cannot
suddenlyaskustosupportthem.”
Five Star’s performance in govern-
ment has disappointed many of its sup-porters, he said. “There is a loss of trust.
They have not been capable of manag-
ingtherelationshipwiththeLeague.For
months they [ the League] criticised us.
Governmenthaslostcredibility.”
Five Star has put forward 10 policy
points for any coalition and demanded
that Giuseppe Conte stay on as prime
minister.
Some activists such as Emilio Rodolfo
Caputo, from Tor Bella Monaca in
Rome, called for a vote by Five Star
members, on their direct democracy
online voting platform, Rousseau. Last
year,thedecisiontoallywiththeLeague
wasapprovedby94percentofitsmem-
bers. For Mr Caputo, an alliance would
onlybetolerableonFiveStar’sterms.Italy
Five Star activists hit at coalition talks
Leftwing party supporters
lash out at possible deal
with opposition DemocratsC A M I L L A H O D G S O N— PHOENIX, ARIZONA
A few weeks ago, pastor Angel Campos
had a difficult conversation with a
member of his congregation at Monte
Vista Baptist Church in Phoenix, Ari-
zona. The house of worship had been
providing shelter to Central American
asylum seekers — and the young man
wantedthattostop.
“He came to me and said, ‘I’m Repub-
lican’,” said Mr Campos. “And I said:
‘Good for you, what does that have to do
with me?’ He said: ‘What you’re doing
is very Democratic.’ I said: ‘No, it’s
biblical’.”
The argument ended there, and the
young man, with his parents, quit the
church. Undeterred, Monte Vista con-
tinued its work as part of a grassroots
network of non-profit groups that are
helping tens of thousands of migrants
from Guatemala, El Salvador and Hon-
durasastheyarriveintheUS.
The non-profit groups are pitching in
as US president Donald Trump’s admin-
istrationhasbeencrackingdownonille-
gal and legal immigration. The White
House said on Wednesday it was scrap-
pinga20-daycapontheamountoftime
migrant families entering the US ille-
gally could be detained, allowing for
familiestobeheldindefinitely.
Earlier this month, the administra-
tion rolled out rules that will make it
harderforlegalimmigrantstoenterand
stay in the US if they claim government
benefits such as food stamps, housing
subsidiesandMedicaid.
ChurchesinPhoenix,250kmfromthe
US southern border, began sheltering
migrants in late 2018 as US authorities
sought help in dealing with growing
numbersofarrivalsfromCentralAmer-
ica. The congregations provide food and
shelter for a few days for a subset of
migrants, families with children who
have a sponsor in the US and who have
been released from custody while their
asylumclaimsareprocessed.
US Immigration and Customs Enfor-
cement had traditionally helped newly
released asylum seekers make travel
arrangements, giving them 10 days to
make it to their sponsor’s address and
check in with local ICE officials, or riskyear, three rubbish trucks outside Mr
Campos’s church were set on fire, and
his car was broken into. He blamed pro-
testers, but the police were unable to
identifytheculprits.
Thisyear,agroupofchurches,includ-
ing Monte Vista, filed a lawsuit to seek
protection from two far-right groups
they said were turning up at shelters,
often armed. Security guards have been
posted outside some churches housing
asylumseekers.
Just after Christmas, two alleged
members of the far-right Patriot Move-
ment AZ, appeared outside Monte Vista
with a megaphone and accused Mr
Campos of being paid by the govern-
menttoassist“illegal”immigrants.
“AtwhatpointareAmericansgoingto
stop being screwed over by this inva-
sion?”askedone,inaFacebookvideo.
The pair of protesters returned on
New Year’s Eve, chanting “shame on
you, fake pastor”. On the pavement, a
wheelchair user passed the women pro-
testers. “Don’t ask them for help, sir,
because they won’t help you,” one of the
womentoldhim.“You’reanAmerican.”
Additional reporting by Lauren Fedor in
WashingtonM A RT I N A R N O L D— FRANKFURT
JO S H UA O L I V E R— LONDONThe gloom hanging over the German
economy has deepened after a survey
of business leaders this month found
that sentiment had sunk to its lowest
level in seven years.An intensifying trade war between the
US and China is weighing heavily on
Germany’s export-focused economy,
prompting calls for Berlin to ditch its
commitment to running a budget sur-
plustoprovideafiscalstimulus.
The Ifo business climate survey of
Germanexecutivesfellfrom95.8to94.
in August, worse than consensus fore-
casts provided by Reuters. This is the
fifth straight month of falling senti-
ment, highlighting how pessimistic Ger-
manexecutiveshavebecome.
“There are ever more indications of a
recession in Germany,” said Clemens
Fuest, president of the Ifo Institute,
which published the survey. “The last
time that industrial companies demon-
strated such pessimism was in the crisis
year of 2009,” he said. “Not a single ray
of light was to be seen in any of Ger-
many’skeyindustries.”
The economy contracted by 0.1 per
cent in the second quarter and the cen-
tral bank warned this month the coun-try was likely to enter a recession in the
thirdquarter.
The world’s fourth-largest economy
has been hit by its exposure to global
tradetensions,aswellasworriesabouta
chaotic UK exit from the EU and disrup-
tioninthecarmakingsector.
The outlook for the economy dark-
ened further after China said on Friday
itwouldimposeextratariffson$75bnof
US goods in retaliation for levies
imposed on Chinese goods in America.
This prompted US president Donald
Trump to announce higher tariffs on
hundreds of billions of dollars of Chi-
nese imports, though he said yesterday
that Chinese officials had asked to
restarttradetalks.
Jörg Krämer, chief economist at Com-
merzbank, said the Ifo data were “really
bad”, adding that “the poor business cli-
mate in the service sector indicates that
domestic demand, which has been
robusttodate,islosingmomentum”.
The Ifo’s measure of the manufactur-
ing sector’s business climate fell from
minus 4.3 to minus 6.1, the worst figure
since 2009. Its measure of the climate in
the services sector remained positive,
though it fell from 18 to 13. The climate
in trade sank into negative territory at
minus 2.4, while construction remained
buoyant at 21.4. Investors are watching
for signs that the downturn in manufac-
turing is spreading. Data on consumer
confidence and the labour market will
bepublishedthisweek.
Carsten Brzeski, chief economist at
ING Germany, said: “The risk of a nega-
tive sentiment loop is larger than ever.
Calls for some government action are
gettinglouderbytheday.”
Opinionpage 9Ifo survey
German
business
confidence
drops to
7-year low
US.Arizona border
Good Samaritans spurned for helping migrants
Churches and charities in
the state witness a growing
divide on asylum seekers
authorities he could only receive groups
on Mondays, unless families had no-
where else to go. The number of incom-
ing asylum seekers has slowed since
May as the desert heat has discouraged
travel. But since December, ICE in Ari-
zona has released about 40,000 family
members, with individual churches
welcominghundredsaweek.
Phoenix volunteers expressed shock
atthetreatmentofthemigrants.Onarr-
ival in the US, families are held in crow-
ded border patrol facilities so cold their
residentsrefertothemas“theicebox”.
“They’re told that they’re worthless,
they’re useless, they’re filthy, they’re
stupid, they’re criminals,” said Jennifer
Buck, founder of volunteer group All
Hands AZ. “America doesn’t want you is
a big one... That’s what we hear from
everysinglegroup.”
Mr Campos said a Guatemalan
woman with her baby told a harrowing
tale. “Her baby was crying in the border
patrol camp, she didn’t have breast
milk,” the pastor said. “The baby was
hungry, and the guard got milk and
poureditonthegroundinfrontofher.”
Providing help in historically Repub-
lican Arizona has not been easy. Lastbeing detained again. But last October,
ICE suspended such assistance. Hun-
dreds of families with children were
released from detention centres, with
little more than bottles of water and
instructions to make their way to court
hearings.
In Phoenix, many migrants ended up
on the streets or at the Greyhound bus
station, nicknamed “the ditch”. Volun-
teersbeganofferingfoodandwater,said
Connie Phillips, chief executive of the
Lutheran Social Services. A “scramble”
forbedswouldfollow.
“There hasn’t been a humane res-
ponse [from the government],” said
Beth Strano, asylum seekers and fami-
lies co-ordinator at the International
Rescue Committee. “There’s been
plentyoftimetopickuptheslack.”
Mr Campos, a Mexican who is now a
US citizen, became involved in October
after hearing that immigration officials
were appealing for help from non-profit
groups. The day after he called ICE, 75
asylum seekers stepped off buses out-
side Monte Vista. Before long, he said,
“weweregettingpeopleeveryday”.
By December, so many immigrants
were arriving that Mr Campos toldSanctuary:
migrant families
are welcomed
into the Monte
Vista Baptist
Church in
Phoenix,
Arizona‘They’re told
that they’reworthless,
they’reuseless,
they’refilthy,
they’restupid,
they’recriminals’
‘Not a single ray of light
was to be seen in any of
Germany’s key industries’Clemens Fuest, Ifo presidentMAKE A SMART INVESTMENT
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