and 1.25ms (Cl-GO), respectively. These results
indicated that reduced charge recombination
and more-efficient charge extraction occurred in
the perovskite/Cl-GO/PTAA heterostructure.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank H. Li and J. Liu from the Instrumental Analysis Center of
Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China) for assistance with AFM and
KPFM measurements, Z. Bao from the Instrumental Analysis
Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China) for assistance
with SEM measurements, Y. Han and Y. Zhang from the
Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
(China) for assistance with TOF-SIMS measurements, and Y. Wu
from East China University of Science and Technology (China) for
assistance with PL and TRPL measurements.Funding:This work
was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (grant nos. 11574199, 11674219, and 11834011), the Program
for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai
Institutions of Higher Learning, and a KAKEHI Grant of Japan
(grant no. 18H02078).Author contributions:Y.W., X.Y., and L.H.
conceived of the work. Y.W. and W.K. fabricated and characterized
solar cells. Y.W. conducted the SEM, AFM, KPFM, UPS, TOF-SMIS,
XRD, UV-vis, PL, and TRPL measurements. T.W. synthesized the
GO and Cl-GO and performed the XPS measurements. J.B.
conducted the DFT calculation and participated in the discussion of
KPFM. D.C. participated in the discussion of UPS results. H.C.
assisted with measurement of transient photocurrent and transient
photovoltage. Y.W. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Y.W.,
X.Y., and L.H. revised the manuscript. All authors analyzed the
data and reviewed the manuscript.Competing interests:None
declared.Data and materials availability:All data needed to
evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the manuscript
or the supplementary materials.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
science.sciencemag.org/content/365/6454/687/suppl/DC1
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S28
Tables S1 and S2
References ( 30 – 36 )
25 April 2019; accepted 17 July 2019
10.1126/science.aax8018Wanget al.,Science 365 , 687–691 (2019) 16 August 2019 5of5
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