- M. P. Giannoccaro, C. La Morgia, G. Rizzo, V. Carelli,
Mitochondrial DNA and primary mitochondrial dysfunction in
Parkinson’s disease.Mov. Disord. 32 , 346–363 (2017).
doi:10.1002/mds.26966; pmid: 28251677 - A. M. Pickrell, R. J. Youle, The roles of PINK1, parkin, and
mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson’s disease.Neuron 85 ,
257 – 273 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007;
pmid: 25611507 - D. A. Sliteret al., Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced
inflammation.Nature 561 , 258–262 (2018). doi:10.1038/
s41586-018-0448-9; pmid: 30135585 - N. Dzamko, C. L. Geczy, G. M. Halliday, Inflammation is
genetically implicated in Parkinson’s disease.Neuroscience
302 ,89–102 (2015). doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.028;
pmid: 25450953 - A. F. Cordova, C. Ritchie, G. T. Hess, M. C. Bassik, L. Li,
SLC19A1 is an importer of the immunotransmitter cGAMP.
bioRxiv(2019). doi:10.1101/539247 - R. Luteijnet al., SLC19A1 is a cyclic dinucleotide transporter.
bioRxiv(2019). doi:10.1101/539767 - A. Ablasseret al., Cell intrinsic immunity spreads to
bystander cells via the intercellular transfer of cGAMP.
Nature 503 ,530–534 (2013). doi:10.1038/nature12640;
pmid: 24077100
90. T. C. Frank-Cannonet al., Parkin deficiency increases
vulnerability to inflammation-related nigral degeneration.
J. Neurosci. 28 , 10825–10834 (2008). doi:10.1523/
JNEUROSCI.3001-08.2008; pmid: 18945890
91. D. Matheoudet al., Parkinson’s disease-related proteins PINK1
and Parkin repress mitochondrial antigen presentation.
Cell 166 ,314–327 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.039;
pmid: 27345367
92. D.Matheoudet al., Intestinal infection triggers Parkinson’s
disease-like symptoms in Pink1-/-mice.Nature 571 , 565– 569
(2019). doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1405-y; pmid: 31316206
93. X. Guiet al., Autophagy induction via STING trafficking is a
primordial function of the cGAS pathway.Nature 567 ,
262 – 266 (2019). doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1006-9;
pmid: 30842662
94. F. Randow, R. J. Youle, Self and nonself: How autophagy
targets mitochondria and bacteria.Cell Host Microbe 15 ,
403 – 411 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.chom.2014.03.012
pmid: 24721569
95. J. Huet al., Origin and development of oligoadenylate
synthetase immune system.BMC Evol. Biol. 18 , 201 (2018).
doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1315-x; pmid: 30587119
96. Y. F. Linet al., Maintenance and propagation of a deleterious
mitochondrial genome by the mitochondrial unfolded protein
response.Nature 533 , 416–419 (2016). doi:10.1038/
nature17989; pmid: 27135930- J. C. Greene, A. J. Whitworth, L. A. Andrews, T. J. Parker,
L. J. Pallanck, Genetic and genomic studies of Drosophila
parkin mutants implicate oxidative stress and innate immune
responses in pathogenesis.Hum. Mol. Genet. 14 , 799– 811
(2005). doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi074; pmid: 15689351 - A. Postigo, P. E. Ferrer, Viral inhibitors reveal overlapping
themes in regulation of cell death and innate immunity.
Microbes Infect. 11 , 1071–1078 (2009). doi:10.1016/
j.micinf.2009.08.012; pmid: 19733680 - M. J. Whiteet al., Apoptotic caspases suppress mtDNA-induced
STING-mediated type I IFN production.Cell 159 , 1549–1562 (2014).
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.036;pmid:25525874
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I thank C. Haynes, R. Silverman, D. Narendra, and members
of the Youle laboratory for thoughtful comments and H. Baldwin
and A. Youle for the figures. This work was supported by the
Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of
Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH.10.1126/science.aaw9855Youle,Science 365 , eaaw9855 (2019) 16 August 2019 7of7
RESEARCH | REVIEW