1<5, Ýèö
úúú÷èöæòð
:PTPSHY WYVISLTZ HYPZL ^OLU H Z[\KLU[
NSHUJLZ H[ [OL ZVS[PVU [V H JVTWSL_ TH[OZ
WYVISLT Ù5V ULLK [V ^HZ[L [PTL ^VYRPUN
[OPZ V[ VU T` V^UÚ ZOL TPNO[ [OPUR Ù0×]L
NV[ P[ PU TPUK HSYLHK`Ú
(UK ZOL KVLZ OH]L P[ H[ SLHZ[ WHY[S` PU
TPUK Ô [LTWVYHYPS :[\KLU[Z VUS KPZJV]LY
[OL ]HUPZOPUN HJ[ ^OLU [OL` [HRL H [LZ[
Ù0 Z\MMLY MYVT [LZ[ HU_PL[`Ú JHU PU MHJ[
IL JVKL MVY Ù0 MLLS WHUPJ ^OLU 0 YLHJO PU[V
SVUN[LYT TLTVY` HUK UV[OPUN×Z [OLYLÚ
;OPZ ÙMHSZL MYPLUKÚ UH[\YL VM ^VYRPUN
TLTVYPZ ^O Z[\KLU[Z UH[\YHSS`
[LUK [V^HYKZ YLYLHKPUN HUK \UKLYSPUPUN
OH[ JV\SK IL LHZPLY HUK TVYL OLSWM\S
[OHU Y\UUPUN V\Y LLZ V]LY [OL
PUMVYTH[PVU VUL TVYL [PTL \UKLYSPUPUN
[V HKK LTWOHZPZ&
:V OV^ KV ^L NL[ ZVTL[OPUN PU[V V\Y
SVUN[LYT TLTVY`& ;V KV [OPZ [OL [LKPV\Z
WYVJLZZ VM YL[YPL]HS WYHJ[PJL Ô [OH[ PZ \ZPUN
MSHZOJHYKZ VY ZPTWSSVVRPUN H^H [V YLJHSS
H RL` PKLH Ô PZ [OL ILZ[ IL[ )LJH\ZL P[×Z
OHYKLY Z[\KLU[Z VM[LU ULLK [V IL [H\NO[
[V \ZL YL[YPL]HS WYHJ[PJL
0[ ZLLTZ [OH[ [OL [LYTZ Ù^VYRPUN TLTVY`Ú
HUK ÙPU[LSSPNLUJLÚ KLZJYPIL ZPTPSHY \UKLYS`PUN
WYVJLZZLZ ̈#© (UK Z\YL LUV\NO [OVZL ^P[O
SV^LYJHWHJP[^VYRPUN TLTVY JHU Z[Y\NNSL
TVYL ^P[O [OLPY SLHYUPUN
)[ YLTLTILY OV^ SVUN[LYT TLTVY` JHU
ILJVTL H WHY[ VM ^VYRPUN TLTVY`& ;OPZ PZ
NVVK UL^Z 0[ TLHUZ [OH[ PM [OL WLYZVU ^P[O
H SV^LY JHWHJP[^VYRPUN TLTVY JYLH[LZ
HUK Z[YLUN[OLUZ UL\YHS SPURZ PU SVUN[LYT
TLTVY` [OVZL SPURZ JHU L_[LUK [OLPY
^VYRPUN TLTVY` ([ SLHZ[ ^OLU P[ JVTLZ
[V [OH[ [VWPJ .P]LU HKKP[PVUHS [PTL HUK
^LSSKLZPNULK WYHJ[PJL H WLYZVU ^P[O H SV^LY
JHWHJP[^VYRPUN TLTVY JHU ILJVTL HZ
NVVK HZ Ô VY L]LU IL[[LY [OHU Ô [OL OPNOLY
JHWHJP[` Z[\KLU[ PU [OLPY HYLH VM L_WLY[PZL
;OPZ IHJRNYV\UK WYHJ[PJL PZ JYP[PJHS PU
^H`Z [OH[ JHU H[ MPYZ[ IL KPMMPJ\S[ [V NYHZW
-VY L_HTWSL SL[×Z [HRL [OL ZLU[LUJL!
Ù;OL NYLLU WLUN\PU PZ LH[PUN HU HWWSLÚ
0[ ^V\SK IL LHZMVYV\ [V ^YP[L LHJO SL[[LY
VM [OL ZLU[LUJL KV^U H TPU[L SH[LY
5V^SL[×Z [HRL HUV[OLYZLU[LUJL!
Ù Ú
<USLZZ `V\×YL H 9\ZZPHU ZWLHRLY P[×Z NVPUN
[V IL WYL[[KPMMPJ\S[ MVYV\ [V OVSK HSS [OL
SL[[LYZ PU TPUK HUK ^YP[L [OLT KV^U H TPU[L
SH[LY L]LU [OV\NO [OL NYLLU 9\ZZPHU WLUN\PU
PZ ZPTPSHYS` LH[PUN HU HWWSL
6\Y Ù^VYRPUN TLTVYÚ JHWHJP[ HWWLHYZ
[V IL T\JO NYLH[LY VY SLZZLY KLWLUKPUN VU
^OL[OLY V\Y SVUN[LYT TLTVYPLZ OH]L OHK
,UNSPZO VY 9\ZZPHU PTWSHU[LK :V `V\Y
IHJRNYV\UK [YHPUPUN TH[[LYZ Ô H SV[
(Z 1VOU :^LSSLY OHZ WVPU[LK V[ [OL
PU[YPJH[L ^VUKLYM\S YLSH[PVUZOPW IL[^LLU
^VYRPUN TLTVYHUK SVUN[LYT TLTVY PZ
LHZPS` [OL TVZ[ PTWVY[HU[ MHJ[VY PU O\THU
JVNUP[PVU (UK [OPZ RUV^SLKNL ZOV\SK IL
\ZLK [V PUMS\LUJL OV^ ^L [LHJO HUK SLHYU [VV
àëä÷ äõè ÷ëè ìðóïìæä÷ìòñö
òé ÷ëìö éòõ ö÷øçèñ÷ö
3L[×Z [HRL T\ZPJ HZ HU L_HTWSL! Z[\KLU[Z
HYL VM[LU [VSK [V H]VPK SPZ[LUPUN [V P[ ^OPSL
Z[\K`PUN ;OL WYVISLT PZ [OH[ ZVTL
Z\JJLZZM\S Z[\KLU[Z OHWWPS` SPZ[LU [V T\ZPJ
^OLU Z[\KPUN >O ZOV\SK :HT H]VPK
T\ZPJ ^OLU OL RUV^Z KHYU ^LSS [OH[
,K^PUH SPZ[LUZ [V P[ HUK Z[PSS NL[Z NYLH[ NYHKLZ&
;OL SH[LZ[ YLZLHYJO MPUKPUNZ OLSW [V ZVS]L
[OL W\aaSL 4\ZPJ×Z LMMLJ[ VU Z[\KPLZ ]HYPLZ
^P[O Ô V\ N\LZZLK P[ Ô^VYRPUN TLTVY
JHWHJP[̈$© ;OVZL ^P[O H SV^LY JHWHJP[
HYL IL[[LY VMM H]VPKPUN T\ZPJ HS[VNL[OLY PU
[OLPY Z[\KPLZ ;OVZL ^P[O H OPNOLY JHWHJP[`
VU [OL V[OLY OHUK JHU VM[LU WLYMVYT ^LSS PU
L_HTZ HM[LY Z[\K`PUN [V T\ZPJ Ô [OLPY OPNOLY
JHWHJP[PLZ HSZV OLSW [OLT [V MVJ\Z TVYL LHZPS`
;OL JH]LH[ PZ [OH[ L]LY`VUL ZOV\SK H]VPK
Z[\K`PUN TH[OZ ^OPSL SPZ[LUPUN [V T\ZPJ
7LYOHWZ [OPZ TPNO[ YLSH[L [V [OL MHJ[ [OH[
TH[OZ HUK T\ZPJ \ZL V]LYSHWWPUN WVY[PVUZ
VM [OL IYHPU
OH[ HIV[ UV[L[HRPUN& (NHPU ^VYRPUN
TLTVYZLLTZ [V WSH H YVSL ;OVZL ^P[O ¶
ÐÎÝÝâ