Times Educational Supplement – June 28, 2019

(やまだぃちぅ) #1

 Ýèö 1<5, 


;OL ^LLR PU

×èúö äñç ùìèúö éõòð ÷èöæòð


Ýëèúèèî ìñ ö÷ä÷ö


+V ^VYYPLZ HIV[ 6MZ[LK×Z


UL^ HWWYVHJO T`[O [OL THYR&


0U [OL OPZ[VYVM NYLH[ T[OZ [OLYL HYL


ZVTL KLMPUP[P]L NLUYLZ [OH[ JVTL [V TPUK


PTTLKPH[LS`! [OL (UJPLU[ .YLLRZ


[OL 9VTHUZ (UK VM JV\YZL 6MZ[LK


;OL Z^PYS VM MHU[HZ[PJHS [HSLZ [OH[ OHZ


NYV^U \W HYV\UK [OL ZJOVVSZ PUZWLJ[VYH[L


OHZ ILJVTL ZV WYL]HSLU[ PU [VKH`×Z


LK\JH[PVU ZLJ[VY Ô ^OV ZH`Z ^L×]L SVZ[


[OL HY[ VM VYHS Z[VY`[LSSPUN& Ô [OH[ 6MZ[LK


OHZ MLS[ [OL ULLK [V W[ V[ P[Z V^U


TVYL WYVZHPJ Z[H[LTLU[Z


;OL JOPLM T`[OI\Z[LY PU YLJLU[ [PTLZ


OHZ ILLU :LHU /HYMVYK 6MZ[LK×Z UH[PVUHS


KPYLJ[VY VM LK\JH[PVU 0U HKKP[PVU [V


KVJ\TLU[Z KPZJLYUPUN MHJ[ MYVT MPJ[PVU


4Y /HYMVYK OHZ HSZV ILLU HJ[P]L VUSPUL HUK


H[ JVUMLYLUJLZ HKKYLZZPUN JVUJLYUZ


/PZ UL^LZ[ JY\ZHKL PZ V]LY 6MZ[LK×Z UL^


MYHTL^VYR K\L [V IL PTWSLTLU[LK MYVT [OL


H[\TU :WLHRPUN SHZ[ ^LLR H[ [OL -LZ[P]HS


VM ,K\JH[PVU 4Y /HYMVYK ZHPK [OLYL ^HZ


H ^VYY` [OH[ [OL PUZWLJ[VYH[L×Z JVTTP[TLU[


UV[ [V SVVR H[ ZJOVVSZ× PU[LYUHS KH[H TH`


SLHK [V ÙWLYMLJ[ IVVR Z`UKYVTLÚ HZ ZJOVVSZ


^YVUNS` [OPUR PUZWLJ[VYZ ^V\SK SVVR MVY


V[OLY L]PKLUJL VM W\WPSZ× WLYMVYTHUJL


Ù5V 0U MHJ[ ^L ^VU×[ IL SVVRPUN H[ [OVZL


IVVRZ [V [Y` [V HZZLZZ [OL Z[HUKHYK [OL


JOPSKYLU HYL ^VYRPUN H[ H[ [OH[ WVPU[ 0[×Z


UV[ HIV[ [OH[


0[ PZ ^LSS RUV^U [OH[


[LHJOLYZ× ^VYR SP]LZ JHU HSS


[VV LHZPS` ZLLW PU[V [OLPY


OVTL SP]LZ 4VZ[ VM [OL


[PTL [OPZ TLHUZ THYRPUN PU


MYVU[ VM [OL ;= VY ^YP[PUN


YLWVY[Z V]LY KPUULY


)[ [OL JYVZZV]LY JHU


IL WO`ZPJHS [VV! [LHJOLYZ×


OVTLZ JHU Z[HY[ [V


SVVR SPRL L_[LUZPVUZ VM


[OLPY JSHZZYVVTZ


;OPZ ^HZ [OL WYLTPZL


ILOPUK H X\LZ[PVU [^LL[LK


I1HTLZ .YVJV[[ KLW\[


OLHK VM H :\MMVSR WYPTHY`!


Ù>OH[×Z [OL TVZ[ Ö[LHJOLY`×


[OPUN V\ OH]L PUV\Y


OV\ZL& <U[PS YLJLU[S` ^L


OHK H KPZWSH` IVHYK MVY


[OL JOPSKYLU×Z WPJ[\YLZ


+VLZ HU`VUL ^OV PZU×[


H [LHJOLY OH]L H Y\SLY PU


[OLPY OVTL&Ú


;LHJOLYZ ^LYL X\PJR [V


YLZWVUK ^P[O HSS [OL ^H`Z PU


^OPJO [OL` OHK VYNHUPZLK


[OLPY OVTL [V KLHS ^P[O HSS


JSHZZYVVT L]LU[\HSP[PLZ ;OL


/LJ[PJ ;LHJOLY YLWSPLK! Ù


HT UV[ Z\YL PM P[×Z H [LHJOLY


[OPUN VY H Z[H[PVULY` NLLR


[OPUN I[ 0 OH]L [^V


SHTPUH[VYZ ( HUK ( H


JVTIIPUKPUN THJOPUL (


WYPU[LY HUK LUV\NO WLUZ HUK


WLUJPSZ [V ZPUR H IH[[SLZOPW


0 HSZV OH]L [OYLL Y\SLYZÚ


3\J` 4 HKKLK! Ù0 OH]L


IV[O YPNO[ HUK SLM[OHUKLK


ZJPZZVYZ KLZWP[L VUS` SP]PUN


^P[O YPNO[OHUKLK WLVWSLÚ


4HU[LHJOLYZ HWWHYLU[S


OH]L [HRLU [V YLW\YWVZPUN


JSHZZYVVT [VVSZ MVY MHTPS`


\ZL 4YZ - ZHPK! Ù(SS VM


TJOPSKYLU×Z [V IV_LZ


OHK H SHILS ^P[O IV[O [OL


UHTL VM [OL JVU[LU[Z


HUK H WOV[V Z[\JR VU


^P[O Z[PJR`IHJR WSHZ[PJÚ


(UK 4YZ 6 HKTP[[LK! Ù


OH]L H JOHSR IVHYK [V WSHU


[OL KPUULYZ MVY [OL ^LLRÚ


:VTL[PTLZ P[ ^V\SK ZLLT


[OH[ [OL PU[YVK\J[PVU VM


JSHZZYVVT P[LTZ PU[V [OL


OVTL PZ \UPU[LU[PVUHS :\ZPL


-LYN\ZVU ^YV[L! Ù0 VUJL


YL[\YULK  IVHYK THYRLYZ


[V ZJOVVS [OH[ OHK ZSV^S`


L[ Z\YLS TPNYH[LK PU


]HYPV\Z WVJRL[Z IHNZ HUK


MVSKLYZ V]LY H [LYT VY [^VÚ


4LHU^OPSL ZVTL V[OLY


[LHJOLYZ [VVR H IYVHKLY


PU[LYWYL[H[PVU VM 4Y


.YVJV[[×Z VYPNPUHS X\LZ[PVU



OLU HZRLK ^OH[ [OL TVZ[



Ù[LHJOLY`Ú [OPUN PU OLY OV\ZL


^HZ 3V\PZL 4J.PYY OHK H


VUL^VYK HUZ^LY! Ù>PULÚ


&(]


Ýëè óõòóòõ÷ìòñ òé ÞÔ äçøï÷ö


úëò äõè ñò÷ äúäõè ÷ëä÷


æëìïçõèñ öëòøïç çò & ðìñø÷èö


òé óëüöìæäï äæ÷ìùì÷ü óèõ çäü


¤åäöèç òñ äçùìæè éõòð


÷ëè êòùèõñðèñ÷đö æëìèé


ðèçìæäï òĦæèõ¥


ÊÕÊÖâ


àëò úòøïç ïìùè ìñ ä ëòøöè ïìîè ÷ëìö


Üòøõæè Ê öøõùèü òé " '! ÞÔ äçøï÷ö æäõõìèç òø÷
åü âòøÐòù òñ åèëäïé òé ÷ëè âòø÷ë Üóòõ÷ Ýõøö÷

$)]


àëèñ äöîèç ìñ ä öøõùèü


ëòú ðøæë èûèõæìöè ÷ëèü


÷ëòøêë÷ æëìïçõèñ öëòøïç ëäùè


óèõ çäü $) óèõ æèñ÷ òé äïï


äçøï÷ö ÷ëòøêë÷ ì÷ úäö ïèöö


÷ëäñ & ðìñø÷èö


!'%]


Øñïü !'% óèõ æèñ÷ òé


æëìïçõèñ äñç üòøñê óèòóïè


æøõõèñ÷ïü ëì÷ ÷ëè çäìïü èûèõæìöè


÷äõêè÷ äææòõçìñê ÷ò Üóòõ÷


Îñêïäñçđö ðòö÷ õèæèñ÷ Êæ÷ìùè


Õìùèö Üøõùèü


#(]


Ýëè óõòóòõ÷ìòñ òé öèæòñçäõü


öæëòòïö ìñ Îñêïäñç ÷ëä÷ ëäç


æø÷ ÷ëè ÷ìðè äïïòæä÷èç éòõ ÙÎ


éòõ !$¡ ÷ò !&¡üèäõ¡òïçö öìñæè


÷ëè Õòñçòñ Øïüðóìæö ìñ " !"


äææòõçìñê ÷ò õèöèäõæë åü ÷ëè


âòø÷ë Üóòõ÷ Ýõøö÷ ïäö÷ üèäõ

Free download pdf