How It Works - UK (2020-02)

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QDear HIW,

Do penguins spend more time in water or on land?

Imagine being able to live both on land and in

the oceans! Which would you prefer?

For penguins, they generally spend half of their

lives each way. This being said, there are

nearly 20 penguin species with different

behaviour patterns. Some species spend up to

75 per cent of their time in the water.

Fiordland crested penguins sometimes grow

barnacles on their tails because they spend

such long periods of time in the sea, about 60

to 80 days at a time.

Penguin life

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QDear HIW,

Could you tell me what would happen if we were to

light a fire in space?

Laila Jones (aged 10)

Your wish to understand how fire

propagates in space is one also shared

with NASA. The space agency has conducted

hundreds of tests to see how fire behaves in

this low-gravity zone.

When you light a fire on Earth, heated gas

rises up from the flames, bringing in oxygen

to fuel it. In space this rising action can’t

happen without the same gravitational pull,

so a different method is used.

Molecular diffusion is the name given to

the process that draws oxygen to the flame

in space. Without gravity, hot air expands

outwards rather than upwards. Oxygen

molecules move towards the flame to

replace lost oxygen and allow the fire to

continue burning. 

This happens 100 times slower than it

does on our planet. Space fires can burn at

lower temperatures and don’t need as much

oxygen. Lighting a fire in space is one thing,

but to put it out is more difficult, so more

concentrated fire extinguishers – such as

the CO 2 they use on the International Space

Space fires

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ISSUE...

Issue 134 on sale

23 JAN

2020

What’shappeningon...

social

media?

Thismonthweasked you

whatpieceof StarWars

technology youwould

bring intothe realworld

@AruneshV

“I’d like to bring in C-3PO so that

there are no language barriers in

communication, and this in turn serves

as a unifying bond among the people

around the world...“

@kittenbiiits

“Carbonite freezing could be utilised to

cryogenically freeze people until cures

for illnesses became available, or just as

a one-way ticket to the future!“

@Truey59

“Lightspeed, we could get to the

nearest star in a couple of years instead

of the thousands it would take now.“

@vpekic

“The ‘head-bumping stormtrooper’s’

helmet in Star Wars: Episode IV A New

Hope that blocked him from seeing the

door frame in front. I’d show it to my

kids as a lesson that ‘design is never

done’, not even in Star Wars.“

Station – are needed to extinguish the blaze.

This is because more heat and oxygen needs

to be removed in space for a fire to stop.

Flames in space don’t hold the same teardrop

shape, as air isn’t travelling upwards

Penguins’ feathers are tightly

packed for waterproofing