readers who are all too eager to believe them.

Speaking of Hindsight

“The mistake appears obvious, but it is just hindsight. You could

not have known in advance.”

“He’s learning too much from this success story, which is too tidy.

He has fallen for a narrative fallacy.”

“She has no evidence for saying that the firm is badly managed.

All she knows is that its stock has gone down. This is an outcome

bias, part hindsight and part halo effect.”

“Let’s not fall for the outcome bias. This was a stupid decision

even though it worked out well.”