The Four

“Number of daily active Facebook users worldwide as of 1st quarter 2017 (in
millions).” Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/346167/facebook-
global-dau/.

Jones, Brandon. “What Information Does Facebook Collect About Its Users?”
PSafe Blog. November 29, 2016. http://www.psafe.com/en/blog/information-
facebook-collect-users/.

Murphy, Mike. “Here’s how to stop Facebook from listening to you on your
phone.” Quartz. June 2, 2016. https://qz.com/697923/heres-how-to-stop-
facebook-from-listening-to-you-on-your-phone.

Krantz, Matt. “13 big companies keep growing like crazy.” USA Today. March
10, 2016. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2016/03/10/13-
big-companies-keep-growing-like-crazy/81544188/.

Grassegger, Hannes, and Mikael Krogerus. “The Data That Turned the World
Upside Down.” Motherboard. January 28, 2017.
https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/how-our-likes-helped-trump-
win.

Cadwalladr, Carole. “Robert Mercer: The big data billionaire waging war on
mainstream media.” Guardian. February 26, 2017.
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/feb/26/robert-mercer-breitbart-
war-on-media-steve-bannon-donald-trump-nigel-farage.

“As many as 48 million Twitter accounts aren’t people, says study.” CNBC.
April 12, 2017.
http://www.cnbcafrica.com/news/technology/2017/04/10/many-48-million-
twitter-accounts-arent-people-says-study/.

L2 Analysis of LinkedIn Data.

Novet, Jordan. “Snapchat by the numbers: 161 million daily users in Q4 2016,
users visit 18 times a day.” VentureBeat. February 2, 2017.
https://venturebeat.com/2017/02/02/snapchat-by-the-numbers-161-million-
daily-users-in-q4-2016-users-visit-18-times-a-day/.

Balakrishnan, Anita. “Snap closes up 44% after rollicking IPO.” CNBC. March
2, 2017. http://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/02/snapchat-snap-open-trading-
price-stock-ipo-first-day.html.

Pant, Ritu. “Visual Marketing: A Picture’s Worth 60,000 Words.” Business 2
Community. January 16, 2015. http://www.business2community.com/digital-
marketing/visual-marketing-pictures-worth-60000-words-
01126256#uaLlH2bk76Uj1zYA.99.

Khomami, Nadia, and Jamiles Lartey. “United Airlines CEO calls dragged
passenger ‘disruptive and belligerent.’” Guardian. April 11, 2017.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/11/united-airlines-boss-oliver-
munoz-says-passenger-belligerent.

Castillo, Michelle. “Netflix plans to spend $6 billion on new shows, blowing
away all but one of its rivals.” CNBC. October 17, 2016.
http://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/17/netflixs-6-billion-content-budget-in-2017-
makes-it-one-of-the-top-spenders.html.

Kafka, Peter. “Google and Facebook are booming. Is the rest of the digital ad