Science - USA (2020-01-17)

their physical properties elucidated. Specific models that realize the Z 2 spin liquid were constructed in an SU(N) generalizati ...

spinons have been observed in experiments ( 68 )], it is qualitatively different (for instance, there is no braiding in 1D). Bey ...

would be a great boost to our understanding. In that context, these materials (under pres- sure) exhibit quantum oscillations as ...

with the fact that INS measures spin-1 excita- tions, i.e., pairs of spinons) ( 102 ), though as in herbertsmithite ( 93 , 94 ), ...

of materials research to develop elemental silicon clean enough for applications and modulation-doped AlGaAs heterostructures th ...

Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 , 2531–2534 (1988). doi:10.1103/ PhysRevLett.60.2531; pmid: 10038378 G. Misguich, C. Lhuillier, B. Bernu, C ...

Y. Kasaharaet al., Majorana quantization and half-integer thermal quantum Hall effect in a Kitaev spin liquid.Nature 559 , 227– ...

RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY ◥ TCELLS VISTA is a checkpoint regulator for naïve T cell quiescence and peripheral tolerance Mohamed A ...

RESEARCH ARTICLE ◥ TCELLS VISTA is a checkpoint regulator for naïve T cell quiescence and peripheral tolerance Mohamed A. ElTanb ...

cell cycle regulator p21 ( 16 , 19 , 20 ).Btg1and Btg2are members of the Tob gene family, which have critical antiproliferative ...

Tcf7,Bcl2,andIl7r(table S1). Of note, one of the defining genes for this cluster wasKlf3, which has been reported to antagonize ...

Therefore, there was sufficient evidence to sug- gest that VISTA is necessary for the expression of multiple quiescence regulato ...

and autoimmunity (fig. S6, B to E). To assess the impact of anti-VISTA agonist on tolerogen- induced T cell deletion, naïve OVA- ...

An additional mechanism of peripheral tol- erance is through the emergence of antigen- specific Foxp3+Tregsand the inhibition of ...

two important observations. First, anti-VISTA reduced T cell clonal expansion of the 2w1s:I- Abrepertoire in all clusters (fig. ...

intrinsic VISTA-inducedpathway activity change in T cells (see materials and methods and table S13). This signature was validate ...

involving thymocytes, gender- and age-matched littermates from 3- to 4-week-old mice were used. Both male and female mice were u ...

IgG(BioXCell,Lebanon,NH)wasusedas their control. Adoptive cell transfer For all experiments involving adoptive transfer, naïve C ...

to CD4 staining. Dead cells were calculated as the percentage of total OT-II recovered using viability dye (Near IR, Invitrogen) ...

Wilcoxon rank sum test. APvalue of <0.05 wasusedasthethresholdtodeterminethe statistical significance, and the log-fold chang ...