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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank P. Sushko and J. De Yoreo for their comments
regarding revisions to our manuscript.Funding:This research
was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of
Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, through Early Career
Research Program Award KC0203020:67037. The work was
conducted in the William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular
Sciences Laboratory, which is a DOE Office of Science User
Facility and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
(PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated for
DOE by Battelle under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830.Author
contributions:M.S. conducted experiments, data analysis, and
results discussion. G.Z. conducted MD simulations. N.L. assisted
with data analysis. J.L. synthesized Au NPs. E.N. assisted with
image processing. H.W. assisted with MD simulations. D.L.
supervised the study, designed the experiments, and carried out
the results discussion.Competing interests:The authors declare
no competing interests.Data and materials availability:All
data are available in the main text or the supplementary materials.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
science.sciencemag.org/content/367/6473/40/suppl/DC1
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S25
References ( 39 – 70 )
Movies S1 to S3
17 April 2019; resubmitted 7 October 2019
Accepted 15 November 2019
10.1126/science.aax6511Songet al.,Science 367 ,40–45 (2020) 3 January 2020 6of6
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